^o. 7. DBPARTMiENT OF AGRICULTURE. 551 



black on the inside of a lamp chimney. A difference of boiling ten 

 minutes will dissolve the "flour" of sulphur as perfectly as the 

 "flowers," meaning that the former may require just a little longer 

 on the same principal as it takes slightly longer to dissolve coarse 

 salt than the fine, but an hour of hard boiling is sufficient time for 

 either kind. 



''Self boiled lime-sulphur washes may sometimes be used with 

 success, but they are not recommended for general use on account 

 of tlie extra expense involved." 



The self-boiled wash is where caustic soda or some other material 

 is used to produce artificial or chemical heat, but this is very ex- 

 pensive and requires more care than the boiled lime-sulphur wash 

 and does not increase the killing efficiency of the mixture. It only 

 overcomes the necessity of fire and a kettle for boiling because it 

 can be made in a barrel if this be covered with blankets to hold the 

 heat. 



"The addition of tar. potash, lie, copperas, bluestone, or any other 

 substance to the regular lime-sulphur wash, does not appear to be 

 necessary or desirable on account of mixing the mixture more 

 costly." 



This is because the boiled lime-sulphur wash is itself a fungicide 

 and appears to be fully as efficient alone as it can be made by the 

 addition of those other substitutes. 



Experiments conducted by individuals often result in valuable 

 discoveries. Fruit growers are urged to make experiments with any 

 remedy for San Jo»6 Scale, but to do so on a conservative basis. 



The importance of this is illustrated by the result of a fruit 

 grower, who writes in a recent agricultural publication that he 

 dipped three thousand trees in lime-sulphur wash, probably hot, and 

 killed them. It would have been better had he experimented by 

 dipping perhaps ten and waiting to see the results of such treat- 

 ment. I do not, by any means, recommend any new scheme, pro- 

 ject, method, nor material on an extensive plan because of the great 

 loss that may come if this should fail. 



MR. HALE. — I have dipped thousands of them in a cold mixture 

 and it did not kill them. 



PROF. SURFACE.— Did you dip the roots also? 



MR. HALE.— No sir. 



PROF. SURFACE.— "The San Jos(5 Scale may be kept in control 

 if all wiio have infested orchards will apply the remedies recom- 

 mended." 



Now, friends, I would not hesitate to plant an orchard either with 

 or without infested trees in the heart of a badly infested district, 

 and under such conditions should not at all feel it obligatory upon 

 my neighbors to treat their trees as far as the safety of my own 

 would be concerned. 



A Member. — You can't keep it oft' the tree? 



PROF. SURFACE.— To a very considerable extent. 



A Member. — If a neighbor has the scale on his trees it will get 

 on your fruit? 



