STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



been very successful in tiling orchard land for the tile will .soon lill 

 up with roots making them unsatisfactory. 



Question- "Give us your method of putting in tile." 



Answer — 1 have been putting in tile this summer -put in two miles 

 of it. I looked up the scientific method of leveling when I started out, 

 and it seemed to me that it was awfully cumbersome, surveying, etc. 

 So 1 began thinking about the matter and worked out a scheme of my 

 own and ii is perfectly satisfactory. The first thing I determined was 

 which way the water would run. That was not very much trouble 

 this year. Then 1 went at it and dug the ditches, but instead of having. 

 instruments and running a lot of lines and doing a lot of measuring, 

 I took a 10 inch board 10 feet long, nailed a strip from each end so as 

 to form :i triangle then I drove a nail for the plumb-bob, where the 

 two pieces meet and then set that triangle on the floor that I knew 

 «vas absolutely level. I used that for leveling all of my ditches. It 

 \\ ;i> the handiest thing imaginable. It showed any inequalities in the 

 ditch for, if the little weight hung just one side of the mark, there was 

 a little fall to the ditch. We did not have to do any surveying and the 

 work was all done with this home-made device and the tile are working 

 fine. 



A Member — I would like to haw the answer to question 23 given: 

 "llow deep and how far apart should under-drains be placed in sandy, 

 gravelly and clay soil intended for orchard planting?" 



Answer — This I think was answered when it was stated that in plant- 

 ing an orchard, ground should be selected that did not have to be 

 drained. 



Chairman — Question IS is called for: "What nursery stock can be 

 successfully set out in the fall?" 



A .Member — We set out sweet cherry in the fall and like it better 

 than setting out in the spring. 



SPRAYING AND PREPARING FOR WINTER. 



PROF. C. T. HALLIGAN, EAST LANSING. 



Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I understand from this ques- 

 tion of "spraying and winter protection" to be applied more especially 

 to a young orchard, and so I feel that there is not so very much to 

 say. Perhaps that is why the topic was assigned to me. 



I am glad, however, to have the opportunity of being here, and of 

 saying a few words about spraying a young orchard, not only for the 

 benefit of beginners, but for fruit growers, even those who claim to be 

 progressive so far as spraying is concerned, but who often neglect the 

 young orchards at spraying time, although they carefully spray their 

 older orchards. 



I do not believe that a fruit grower can afford to neglect spraying 

 his young orchard. It certainly is not economy. I look at the proposi- 

 tion like this: The first few years in the life of an orchard we are 



