FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT. 49 



and just so it is with the spraying. Warm water will spray better than 

 ice cold water. 



Question — What about the plant lice? 



Answer — A tree well coated with sludge seems to prevent the young 

 from settling. The eggs some of them hatch but the young do not 

 seem to be able to start feeding. Perhaps they become weakened by the 

 spray. At any rate trees sprayed with lime and sulphur in which 

 there was plenty of sludge have less plant lice later in the season than 

 those unsprayed. 



Prof. White — Ladies and Gentlemen, Members of the Horticultural 

 Society : 



My part in this discussion is to talk a little about the control of the 

 apple scab and the effect of lime-sulphur and Bordeaux mixture and 

 then a little about the control of the peach leaf curl. 



This past season has been an exceptional year for apple scab. There 

 has been a great deal of moisture and conditions have been unusually 

 favorable for its growth. Many people who have sprayed have had the 

 apple scab and sometimes almost as bad as in orchards that have not 

 been sprayed. I have seen a great many instances of this throughout 

 the state this last summer. Where lime-sulphur has been used, the 

 commercial lime-sulphur at various strengths ranging all the way from 

 1-25 to 1-50, I have seen no apple scab on some of the most susceptible 

 varieties we have, like the Winter Banana, Snow, Mcintosh, Bed Canada, 

 etc. — just as clean as you could have made them if you had washed them 

 with lye. I have tried to find out what the difference was between ap- 

 ples that were sprayed well and those that were not, to find out why, 

 where people had sprayed, there was still the scab as well as where 

 they had not sprayed. What was the difference? There was evidently 

 a mistake made somewhere and where was it made? They had either 

 failed to spray at the right time or they had not been thorough. That 

 may seem contradictory to some of you men's experience but as I said 

 before, I have seen so many instances all over this state where lime- 

 sulphur has controlled the apple scab on many of the worst varieties 

 that we have that I feel that where spraying fails to do the work, 

 faulty spraying must be the cause. I call to mind an instance in a 

 northern county where lime-sulphur and Bordeaux were used in the 

 same orchard on the same days by the same men applying them and 

 with the same spray outfit. Conditions were the same, except that some 

 trees were sprayed with lime-sulphur and some with Bordeaux mixture, 

 4 pounds copper sulphate, 5 pounds lime, to 50 gallons of water. In so 

 far as it was tried, the lime-sulphur showed just as good results as the 

 Bordeaux mixture. I am very sure from an experience of the past two 

 or three years, that commercial lime-sulphur, thoroughly applied and 

 at the right time, will control the apple scab and I am going to recom- 

 mend to every fruit grower in this state that asks me about the value 

 of lime-sulphur as compared with Bordeaux for apples, that lime-sul- 

 phur used as it should be, will do the work. But I will not say, how- 

 ever, that it is better than the Bordeaux or that the Bordeaux is better 

 than it is but it is more convenient to use. There is no wearing out 

 of nozzles or of cylinder plungers, etc., as with Bordeaux mixture. 



I have in mind one orchard of 70 acres where a man attempted to 

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