50 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



spray with two power outfits. One of these outfits failed to work, 

 consequently that whole 70 acres had to be sprayed almost entirely 

 with one power outfit. They began on the same side of the orchard each 

 time and when they had finished the orchard it was eight days later. 

 Every one of you would agree with me if you had seen that orchard, 

 that it was an easy matter to notice as you went through the orchard, 

 the effieel of the the first, second and third days, the work showed up 

 all right but then one began to notice that the scab grew worse. Where 

 the apples were sprayed on time, there Avas no scab. Where the apples 

 weir sprayed on all sides and almost at the right time, there was but 

 little seal), but later, the scab began to appear and for this reason: The 

 apple scab comes from a little fungus that reproduces itself by spores 

 and if that apple fruit or apple leaf is not completely covered and kept 

 covered with lime-sulphur or with Bordeaux mixture — if they are not 

 covered before the spore of the apple scab germinates, I think you may 

 rest assured that the scab will not be controlled. The point is, we 

 often wait a few days too late and the apple scab has gotten under- 

 neath the skin and then the application of spray does no good. 



A Voice — What is just the right time? 



Answer — From what observations we have had, we would begin on 

 Canada Red, Winter Banana, etc., when the blossoms are %ths or 



jths fallen. I see no danger of destroying any bees at that time and 

 if weather conditions are favorable to the apple scab, and you do not 

 spray it as early as that, you will have trouble. Unless you do so early 

 enough so as to keep the little apples completely covered, the apple 

 scab will get the start of you and you can't help it. Keep the fruit 

 covered that is the secret of it. 



This year some of the spray was washed off or it rained so that you 

 could not spray Avhen you should and for this reason, many had the 

 apple scab. The point I want to make is this, it is not the failure of 

 the Bordeaux mixture or of the lime-sulphur but it is all on our part 

 and for the two reasons I have given. 



AVe can use any standard commercial brand with safety, one to forty. 

 Mr. Welch of Douglas reports that he used home-made concentrated at 

 slightly weaker strength than that and got very satisfactory results. 



A Member — If you have any chance of having a cold May, would it 

 not be a sale thing to spray just before the bloom? 



Answer — Yes, under ordinary weather conditions you should spray 

 first, just before the blossoms opened, second just after the blossoms 

 fall ; third again in 10-14 days and then about the first week in August. 

 In the second summer spray, you must begin to spray before all of the 

 blossoms have fallen from the tree, because the middle blossom of the 

 cluster comes out and opens and drops its petals before the others 

 have completely developed and if you wait until all the blossoms have 

 fallen, some of this first fruits will have the scab started and that is 

 where jou get bad results. Do not think you can wait for all varieties 

 to get in shape for spraying at one time. I have in mind two men who 

 went into the orchard renting business and they had an orchard of 

 Spies, Early Harvest, Maiden Blush, Bed Astrachan, Ben Davis and 

 some other varieties. They were as fine trees as you ever saw but they 

 waited to spray the whole orchard until the Spies were ready. That 



