FORTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT. 149 



GENERAL TREATMENT FOR APPLE ORCHARDS. 



Special Bulletin No. 61. 



BY H. J. EUSTACE AND R. H. PETTIT. 



In the winter or early spring, inspect the trees for San Jose, scurfy 

 or oyster-shell scale. (Send twigs and strips of bark to the Experi- 

 ment Station, if you cannot identify the scale yourself.) 



These scale insects, especially the San Jose scale, must be destroyed 

 promptly or they will kill the trees. 



Just Before the Buds Open,, if the scale be present, spray with the 

 strong lime-sulphur wash. To be successful, the work must be done 

 very thoroughly — this means that every part of the tree must be covered 

 with the spray. 



Just Before the Blossoms Open, or When They Are "In the Pink," 

 a spraying must be made to prevent scab and other fungous disease and 

 the canker-worm, bud-moth and a few other insects. For this and the 

 sprayings that follow, use the dilute lime-sulphur or the Bordeaux mix- 

 ture. To every fifty gallons, add two or three lbs. of arsenate of lead. 

 (With lime-sulphur, this is the only poison that can be used.) 



Immediately After the Blossoms Fall, and before the calyx closes, 

 another spraying must be made just like the one before. At this time 

 direct the spray downward from above as much as possible, and with 

 the highest pressure available, the object being to get some of the ma- 

 terial into the calyx cups, to poison the larva of the codling moth when 

 it attempts to enter. 



This is a very necessary spraying. If well done it usually means a 

 crop free from worms. 



About Two Weeks After the Above Spraying, make another. Use 

 same mixture and poison as in previous spraying. 



Early In August, there will be a second generation of codling-moths. 

 Just when this will occur for your locality can be determined. (See 

 "When the codling-moth flies" page 168. 



Protect fall and winter varieties against the codling-moth and a possi- 

 ble late outbreak of scab. Use the usual amount of poison, but the 

 dilute lime-sulphur, or the Bordeaux which can be made somewhat weaker 

 than before. 



The Lesser Apple-Worm, which works more superficially than the 

 codling-moth, when present requires a spray of poison when standard 

 winter varieties are from 1 to l 1 /^ inches in diameter. 



If Plant-Lt^e are present-and if they do not leave the foliage shortly 

 after the blossoms fall apply some contact spray, (see page 107) prefer- 

 ably nicotine or strong tobacco tea. If the 40% nicotine is used add 

 y 2 pint to 45 gallons of water and be sure to hit each louse. 



Fire Blight has been very serious in apple trees in some parts of the 

 state during the past few years. 



For description and method of control see "Treatment for Pears" 

 on page 153. 



