252 - State Horticultural Society. 



transformations and produce a crop of mature beetles and the orchard is 

 overrun with them, then they will begin to attack perfectly healthy 

 trees. This little branch I hold up before you had 167 larvae in it. 

 This insect ordinarily does no great amount of damage, but last year 

 it caused immense damage on account of the drouth of the year before. 

 The drouth injured the trees and gave the beetle excellent opportunity 

 to multiply and breed in the orchard. Many trees died from the effects 

 of the bark beetle and people said, "The drouth killed them." 



The best thing to do is to go through the 'orchard in the winter and 

 cut out all the diseased branches of the trees and burn them, thus killing 

 the insects before they have a chance to come out and spread. Shriveled 

 bark indicates their presence. I know of a great many orchards which 

 are absolutely ruined by this insect alone. 



The Aphis. — This insect does damage in the spring. You can detect 

 them in your orchard now, clusters of little black eggs about one-third the 

 size of an ordinary pin head. These are winter eggs. They hatch 

 early in the spring when they may be killed by spraying with kerosene 

 emulsion, or the ten per cent, kerosene and water mixture. Plum aphis 

 is found upon the young shoots and leaves. Later it gets upon weeds ; 

 and in the late fall gets back upon the trees to lay its eggs. Spray early 

 with kerosene emulsion, and you can add a pound of pyrethrum to the 

 barrel of spray. 



Apple Tree Pnincr. — This insect comes from the forests and de- 

 posits its eggs in the twigs. The larva eats its way into the pith and 

 downward. When full grown they eat out to the bark, greatly weak- 

 ening the twig and when the wind blows the twig snaps off, and you 

 have your trees severely pruned. You can, gather up the twigs on the 

 ground and burn them, but if the forest is near by, burning will be 

 unsatisfactory, since more insects will come in. 



Tzvig Girdlcr. — The adult beetle of this insect lays several eggs 

 in the twig and then girdles it from the outside, for its larvae must 

 have dead wood. When these girdled twigs snap off, gather them, and 

 burn them. If you are near the timber this will be of little use. 



The Tzvig Borer. — Comes from the forest in the adult state ?nd 

 gets into the tree at a bud and eats a hole down to the pith. Its life 

 history is not known. The twigs die, but do not break oft". The only 

 thing you can do is to prune off the twigs. You can do this only on 

 small trees. 



Imbricated Snout Beetle also comes from the forest, and gets upon 

 the trees in the spring, feeding upon the cambium layer and the tender 

 bark. Its life history is not known, except that it does not develop in the 

 orchard. Spray with arsenical poisons very thoroughly to cover all the 



