. Uhl'lidiKii P.ijHTs. 305 



stores. Usually the small and bruised apples are made into cider. Cider 

 when sweet makes a delicious and wholesome drink. It is used in making 

 mince pies and apple butter. But this in the glass was allowed to stand 

 in a warm place and the sweets in it turned to acids, and we now call it 

 vinegar. Vinegar gives to everything a very sour flavor and is used to 

 make pickles. Great quantities of vinegar are used, and it is bought and 

 sold by the gallon or barrel. 



Canned Apples. — This glass jar of canned apples is a common thing 

 to see, but it is very useful. We will try to learn about it. xA.lmost every 

 home has apples put up in this way for food. It is easy to learn how to 

 can apples. After they are pared and stewed they are sweetened to suit 

 the taste and put in the can while steaming hot. The steam drives the 

 air out of the can, and when the top is securely fastened, no air can ge<- 

 inside and the apples will keep until you are ready to use them. Canned 

 apples are used in every home and also in bakeries and hotels. 



A cannery is where they prepare apples for canning by machinery 

 and put them in tin cans. Apples are brought from the orchard to the 

 cannery by the wagon load and sold by the bushel. Grocerymen buy 

 these canned apples by the dozen. This is a can from the cannery and 

 the grocer sold it to us for lo cents. If it holds one quart, what will one 

 bushel of canned apples cost? 



These are some of the important ways of preparing apples for use. 



Suggestions : It is advisable that samples of most objects spoken 

 of in this lesson be upon the teacher's table several days before the lesson 

 is recited. Let the pupils handle them. Answer questions and anticipate 

 lines of thought that will likely come to the pupil's min_d. Give the pupils 

 opportunity to ask questions and furnish objects for the lesson. Spell 

 words in heavy t}pe. Use them in sentences oral or written. Have the 

 pupils tell in their own language how apple sauce and apple pies are made. 

 The teacher may tell how apple butter is made. 



I 



/ 



AI'l'LIi NURSERY AND ORCHARD. 



Nature Lesson in Jlorliciiltnre for GraJes 7 and 8. 



The [ilace where apple seeds arc planted and the little trees budded 

 or grafted and cared for until they are big enough to transplant, is called 

 an apple nursery. The man who tends the nursery is the nurseryman. 

 He locates his nursery in that locality where fruit is successfully matured. 

 He grows those varieties of apple and fruit trees that do well in the sur- 

 rounding country. The local nurseryman knows the early and late, sweet 

 and sour, tender and hardy varieties and can answer many questions that 



H-20 



