324 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



cessful in New England, and westward to and including Michigan; but even 

 within the influence of the great lakes it is not successful to any considerable 

 distance north of latitude 43°, while it succeeds but indifferently, if at all, 

 west of Lake Michigan. 



The Japan quince {Cydonia Japonica) is similarly hardy, and is grown 

 chiefly for its brilliant flowers, which appear very early in spring. There 

 are several varieties, differing slightly in color; some of which, when of 

 mature age fruit freely. The ripe fruit may be used like that of the common 

 quince. 



THE BLACK WALNUT. 



The black walnut {Julgans nigra) is one of the largest of northern forest 

 trees. Its limit northward is probably not much, if any, beyond latitude 

 44°, although it is being planted for timber and shelter even farther north. 

 Kepoits from northern Wisconsin, Minnesota and Dakota indicate that, in 

 those regions, its permanent success must be regarded as problematical; 

 dependent, possibly, upon a judicious selection of soil and aspect. 



It is successful in southwestern Iowa; while in central Wisconsin it has 

 been found to grow well for a few years and then fail. It is said to grow and 

 fruit well in southern Minnesota, as well as in other portions of Dakota. It 

 is found to be more satisfactory at the extreme north, when grown from 

 northern seed, a fact that is believed to be true of plants generally. 



The English walnut* [Juglans regia) is grown largely and with profit in 

 some of the Pacific states, but fails at the east and is too tender for the 

 extreme north. 



THE BUTTERNUT. 



The butternut {Juglans cinerea) has a somewhat more extended range 

 northward than the black walnut. It is perfectly at home, if not actually 

 indigenous, in Michigan up to latitude 45*^, and is abundant as a forest tree 

 in portions of southern Minnesota in that latitude. Although not supposed 

 to be indigenous, it is successfully grown in portions of Iowa, and there 

 seems good reason for the hope that it may be found successful as far north 

 as the national boundary, possibly even further. 



THE HICKORY-NUT. 



The genus Carya consists of several species, of which Carya alba is very 

 widely distributed, and may be considered to be the northern hickory-nut 

 proper. 



Carya sulcata, the western shell-bark hickory, has a nut of large size, with 

 a very hard, thick shell. It is indigenous from Pennsylvania to Illinois and 

 Kentucky. In Michigan its extreme northern limit is reached in the third 

 tier of counties in the lower peninsula. 



Carya oUva}formis, the pecan is said to be indigenous along the Mississippi 

 river as far north as southern Iowa, which is believed to be its extreme limit 

 northward. 



* The proper name of this nut is Madeira nwt, because it came originally from the island of 

 Madeira, in Portugal, and is in no sense English.— H. E. Van Deman. 



