PEOMISING ISTEW CHERRIES. 



BY PROF. J. L. BUDD, OF IOWA. 

 In Bulletin No. 2 of the Iowa Experiment Station, 1888. 



In the summer of 1882 the writer had a fine opportunity for studying the 

 character of tree and fruit of the European cherries from the valley of the 

 Moselle in east France, eastward to the Volga in Russia. 



In the spring of 1883 we imported one-year-old trees of the varieties which 

 we decided to be most promising for trial on the prairies of the northwest. 



These trees were set in orchards and have had hard usage, as they have 

 been exposed to the recent test summers and winters, that have killed out 

 the trees, young and old, of the grade of hardiness of the Early Richmond 

 and English Morello, and in addition they have been cut mercilessly for 

 scions in autumn and buds in summer. 



A better opportunity for determing the relative hardiness of trees and per- 

 fection of foliage has not been given in the history of prairie settlement. 



With this severe trial we are now pleased to report that many of the vari- 

 eties have endured the tests as perfectly as our native plums, such as De Soto 

 and Wolf, and have proven quite as hardy in fruit buds. 



During the season of blossoming the past spring we had severe frosts, yet 

 twenty or more sorts fruited, some of them very heavily. 



We are also pleased to report that the fruit so far has come up to our 

 European estimate in quality and color, but not in size on account of the 

 strong growth of new wood induced by heavy scion cutting in autumn. 



Spate Arnarelle. — Much grown for dessert and culinary use in east Poland 

 and north Silesia, where it is noted for its regular and bountiful crops. Tree 

 smaller than English Morello, with pendulous habit. Our trees from five to 

 s'x feet in height were bending with the weight of the fruit this season. 

 Fruit medium to large, color dark purple when ripe. Flesh and juice 

 colored. When first colored red the fruit has a bitter taste. At this stage 

 of growth it is excellent for canning, and when fully mature it is desirable 

 for dessert use. Season about the 20th of July. 



tSchattayi Arnarelle. — The word ''schattan" is said to mean shadow. Hence 

 we shall send it out as Shadow Amarelle. The name comes from the mirror 

 like reflection from the shining skin. Much like the above variety in size, 

 shape, quality and season of fruit. Trees were laden this "off" cherry year. 

 Gros Lang Loth. — We have sent this out as "Large long late." A small 

 growing variety coming into bearing in the nursery. It is known in Poland 

 and Silesia as "Double Shadow Arnarelle" but is not identical with Brusseler 

 Braune as stated by Leroy. Fruit, large, roundish, truncate at stem end, 

 nearly black when ripe. Juice colored. Pleasant sub-acid flavor when ripe. 

 Season of English Morello. 



