320 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



same as that for the black raspberry but the fruit has the shape of the 

 red raspberry. The color is purple to purplish red, according to the 

 variety. The flavor is a blend of both parents and is excellent for table 

 use, canning and preserving. 



In productiveness, freedom from disease and vigor of growth, they 

 excell either the red or black raspberry. The serious objection for 

 market i)urposes is the color and softness. The color gives the impres- 

 sion of an over ripe red raspberry-. For home use they cannot be ex- 

 celled. 



VARIETIES. 



.The following varieties are the best known : 



Columbian. The best known variety. Very vigorous and productive. 

 ITardy. Fruit is large and of high quality. 



Cardinal. The growth of this variety is more compact than that of 

 the others. Fruit is firmer than that of the Columbian but not of as 

 high quality. Not as productive. 



Haymaker. Growth like that of the Columbian. Just as productive 

 and vigorous but not as hardy. 



Shaffer. Canes not as large as Columbian. Susceptible to an- 

 Ihracnose. Productive, fruit large and rather acid in flavor. Has long 

 been one of the most prominent purple raspberries but is now succeeded 

 by the Columbian. 



blackberries. 



The blackberry is undoubtedly the most profitable of the brambles. 

 They are easily cared for, especially in localities where they do not re- 

 (luiie covering in the winter. The method of pruning the canes is like 

 that of the black raspberry and since the plant produces suckers, the 

 method of propagation is like that of the red raspberry and the suckers 

 sliould be cut out the same as suggested with the red raspberry. 



The re(iuireni?nts for a good location of a blackberry j)lantation are 

 similar to those of the raspberry, except that more care must be taken 

 not to select a place where the soil is too rich in nitrogen. The black- 

 berry grows later in the fall than the raspberries and if grown on rich 

 soil the growth will not stop soon enough to thoroughly harden the 

 canes for winter, and winter killing may result. 



Although the blackberry is quite free from disease, the same spray- 

 ings recommended for the raspberries will be found beneficial. Orange 

 rust is frequently found in blackberry plantations. Plants afifected 

 should be cut out and burned as soon as found. 



For the varieties that require covering during the winter the follow- 

 ing method is the best : Plow a furrow toward the plants in fall to 

 keep them from being bent over too sharply. Then bend the canes 

 over at right angles to the row and cover with two or three inches 

 of soil. With a fork, loosen the roots a little on the opposite side, to 

 relieve the strain. In spring, as soon as the frost is out of the ground, 

 the canes should be raised with a fork. 



varieties. 



No one or two varieties of blackberries are more valuable than the 

 others as is the case with most of the small fruits. This is undoubtedlv 



