54 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



the Grimes Golden and the Greening it is not so important, but with the 

 Jonathans, Spies and other varieties it is, and we should be careful not 

 to give too much nitrogen, for a poorly colored apple is a poor seller 

 in the market, 



I feed from two to three car-loads of stock every year. I buy a good 

 deal of oil meal, use clover and com fodder, and I also reinforce this 

 manure with phosphoric acid, so as to balance up the stable manure 

 which is a one-sided fertilizer. 



My method is not very different from what has been mentioned here 

 today with this exception — I think it was Mr. Smythe who said some- 

 thing about there not being veiy many orchards around us — by brother 

 and I have the only orchard right in our vicinity, and we have been 

 taking care of these orchards right from the start. It is twenty-five 

 years since we began spraying — I think I was one of the first in the state 

 to do this work in a systematic manner, — so our orchards have not be- 

 come infected by the insect troubles to as great an extent as some. My 

 practice of spraying is quite in common with what has been outlined 

 here, but as an illustration of what may be done under favorable cir- 

 cumstances, I will say that I have only sprayed twice for our aj>ples 

 during the past year. Our first spraying was made for scale, during 

 dormant condition, about as late as possible with lime and sulphur about 

 the last thing. We think we get better fungicidal effects by light spray- 

 ing. Then we spray again as soon as the blossoms fall, doing a good 

 job. For this spraying we use one to thirty-three, commercial lime and 

 sulphur with two and one-half pounds arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of 

 water. The results have been very satisfactory. In this connection I 

 might mention one little thing that would be of interest, lime-sulphur 

 and arsenate of lead makes a sticky mixture and we found difficulty in 

 getting a good stream through the supply hose, so we got two screens so 

 we could change them when one got clogged, and put the clogged one in 

 an earthen jar of vinegar to clean it. We use a pressure of 130 to 100 

 lbs., and spray T\ith two lines of hose and two large nozzles on each line. 

 Of course just our modus operandi in each particular case always de- 

 pend on the conditions of the weather, etc. You will understand that 

 our orchards are clean. 



Then for a number of years we sprayed a second time for the codling 

 moth. This year. Prof. Green checked over the experiment and he stated 

 to me that he thought that less than one-half of one per cent of the fruit 

 was wormy. This meant spraying, and of course the result depends on 

 how thoroughly you spray. 



I spoke of thinning apples. I have been practicing it for a number of 

 yeai-s, I think it pays on most varieties. 



Just a word on varieties. When I began planting a commercial or- 

 chard, we were shipping to Toledo an apple better than the Ben Davis 

 which had been on the market, and when their flavor and quality were 

 recognized, there was a ready sale. The Ben Davis had been shipped in 

 there, and that is what they knew as a commercial apple. The Ben 

 Davis has a place, but that place is where they cannot grow as good 

 apples as they can in Michigan, Ohio and western New York. Westeni 

 New York, Michigan and Ohio grow the best apples in quality that can 

 be found anywhere. 



So let us not debase our calling by growing something that those fel- 



