FORTIETH ANNUAL REPORT. 91 



Prof. Taft— I think we should distinguish between the galls. Many 

 have had the gall on their peach trees and we have on apple trees two 

 or three kinds of galls. In some eases the gall, as we call it, is devel- 

 oped where the grafting was done. In that case I would not care to 

 use the trees. The instructions we give to our nursei';^'men is that trees 

 having galls upon them should be destroyed, and certainly anyone that 

 purchases trees would be justified in throwing them out and not pay- 

 ing for them if they had the gall. The peach gall particularly should 

 be feared and I would not plant peach trees where you have rasp- 

 berries. I have taken trees w^hich had small gall on the roots and cut- 

 ting them off we would not suffer anything from them. We cannot, 

 however, tell just how serious the damage would be and I would rather 

 discard tlie tree than use it. So far as Michigan nurseries go, we 

 publish every year a list of licensed nurseries growing trees in Michi- 

 gan. We make a distinct list saying who are dealers and who are pur- 

 chasers either from Michigan nurseries or from other states. We have 

 a third list giving the various nurseries so that one can from these lists 

 decide just where he can go to buy his trees. I personally prefer to 

 purchase from nurserymen but it seems to me that there are many cases 

 where Ave have careful dealers who visit the nurseries fi'om whom 

 they get the nursery stock, nmking careful and true-to-names selec- 

 tions and in that case I would be just as sure of getting what I wanted 

 as if I bought direct from a regular nurseryman. Even nurseries do 

 not always raise or grow all the trees they sell, so in that case you 

 would not always be sure of getting strictly home grown stock from 

 that particular nurseryman. I will say that so far as the nurserymen 

 go, wliere we do not feel that we have any actual control over the hon- 

 esty of their claims or the validity of their statements we have not 

 given the matter very serious attention. Where nurserymen are de- 

 ceiving the i»nblic, is sending out letters and letting papers publish 

 it telling what wonderful virtues are wrapped up in their trees — same 

 as insecticides. I might say of the San Jose scale, that although we 

 have published at the exiierimental station bulletins which are free for 

 the asking, and which we have sent to the newspapers, and many de- 

 scriptions and notes have been ]mblished, yet there are today places in 

 Michigan where they never heiird of the scale, and in many cases where 

 orchards are dying with it, yet they do not know what it is; they do 

 not suspect it to be the scale. However, while this is true in some parts 

 of Michigan I am glad to say that the scale has been kept pretty well 

 in the southern part of the state. It is working north slowly but it is 

 not more than one-half way up the lower j)eninsula and does not seem 

 to thrive much above that line. In two cases we have found the scale 

 in one of the central northern counties, so far north as Cadillac, but 

 I found that the scale was introduced there by stock that was infested 

 when it arrived. These trees were destroyed and although we have 

 been going there two or three years we have failed to find upon exami- 

 nation, any of the surrounding trees infested, so it seems to me that in 

 the northern part of the state one can expect to escape any serious in- 

 jury from insects. 



Q. Would it be advisable to get nursery stock from the northern 

 part of the state rather than athome? 



Prof. Taft— This year there has been 50,000 trees shipped from the 



