138 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



grown on a square yard of gronnd and was planted at the rate of 48 

 l)ounds to the acre. This is one of the best cover crojis for liardeuiiig 

 the wood, catching the leaves and preventing the freezing of the trees. 

 You Avill notice the growth it has made since August 1st and it is con- 

 tinually growing thus far. It is, however, a delicate plant and will 

 freeze later on. 



This sample here is crimson clover. The seed was sown at the rate 

 of 20 lbs.' to the acre. Notice the mat of roots bearing the bacteria 

 nodules which gathers free nitrogen from the air. You will also notice 

 the bulk of leaves which when turned over, will provide considerable 

 humus. 



Here I have a mixture of sand vetch and spring vetch. The sand 

 vetch is much smaller than the spring vetch but will get in its work 

 next spring making a mass a foot high and very thick. 



This is buckwheat and is sown as a catch crop. It will catch the 

 leaves and snow during the winter, make a good cover for the soil, 

 prevent alternate thawing and freezing and will add some humus. 



Here is the cow pea. Notice the length of vine. It is a legume and 

 adds nitrogen to the soil but one trouble with it as a cover crop is that 

 it grows flat on the soil and will not catch the snow and leaves and is 

 also killed at the first frost. It makes a desirable cover when used 

 with oats. 



Barley is a fast grower and hardens off the trees in good shape. ]t 

 has already gone to seed. It is planted near the first of August and 

 is now fifteen inches high and stands a good chance of catching and 

 holding all the snow and leaves that come its way. 



This specimen here is mammoth clover. It is not so good as some but 

 is better than the crimson clover in places where it is very cold. Crim- 

 son clover is not so hardy as the Mammoth but the Crimson clover 

 catches quicker and grows better in the spring, making it more desir- 

 able than the mammoth in regions where it does not winter kill. 



When only a late growing catch crop is desired, a mixture of oats 

 and peas is recommended ; but for a good reliable cover crop for general 

 orchard culture in Michigan, a mixture of sand and Spring Vetch bids 

 well to take first place. 



POISON IN LIME-SULPHUK. 



BY K. D. VAN WAGENEN. 



Friends, Members of the State Horticultural Society: In discussing 

 this subject I would like to divide the sprays into three general classes. 

 Pipst — Fungicides; Second — Insecticides, and Third — Contact with In- 

 secticides. The first are those sprays which are used for fungi, such as 

 rot, scab, etc. The second are sprays which by means of poisons will 

 kill insects — insects which have chewing mouth parts, that is, which 

 chew the plants upon Avhich they live. They will therefore take the pois- 

 on into their stomachs and it will have its effect through the digestive 

 organs. Contact insecticides are those sprays which by external appli- 



