Miyake, 'l'he tlevelopmeiit of the garuetophytes etc. 17 



States that iu Cryptomeria the upper tier or the rosette consists 

 of only free nuclei, no wall being- formed betweeii them, but I 

 have found that in Cimnmgkmnia the nuclei are all surrounded 

 by walls at the sides, being open only at the top. 



The middle tier of cells now elongates into the suspensors 

 while the lower tier or group of cells forms the embryo (figs. 103, 

 104). The cells of the young embryo may divide betöre the sus- 

 pensors elongate. 



The process of the proembryo-formation in Cunnmglmmia 

 agree, on the whole, with that of Taxodium, Oryptomeria and the 

 Cupressiueae, while it differs considerably from Sequoia in which 

 no fi'ee nuclei are formed in the proembryo. 



There is often found, in the fertilized q^^, an extra nucleus 

 above the proembryonal nuclei. It is derived probably either from 

 one of the two free nuclei previously found in the pollen-tube or 

 from the ventral canal-nucleus (figs. 95, 99, 101). In one pre- 

 paration, I have found it in division. The division-figure, however, 

 seemed to be more or less abnormal (fig. 93). Such abnormal or 

 abortive karyokinetic figures are not uncommon in the fertilized 

 Q^^ of the Äbietmeae (Ferguson, 1901, 1904; Miyake, 1903). 



Systematic Position of Cunninghamia. 



The present study shows that the gametophytes and embryo- 

 geny of Cunninghamia show a close affinity with Taxodium and 

 Cryptomeria, and are distinctly of the Cupressineae type. So far 

 as the embryological evidences go, I can only confirm the Suggestion 

 of Arnoldi that these three genera should better be removed from 

 the Taxodieae and placed with the Citpressineae, A new sub-group 

 the Taxodmae, may perhaps be established in the Cupressineae, to 

 receive these new comers. 



According to Arnoldi (1900) the archegonia of Cryptomeria, 

 Taxodiurn and Cunninghamia are not always arranged in a compact 

 complex as in the Cupressineae, but they are rather loosely ar- 

 ranged, having often some sterile prothallial cells inserted between 

 themselves, and with less distinct sheath-layer. He, therefore, 

 proposes to put these genera in the Cupressineae, as the more 

 primitive member of the group i). The presence of a sterile 



1) "Die bis jetzt mehr oder weniger eiitwicklungsgeschichtlich bekannten 

 Gattungen der Cupressineen sind Junipenis, Thuja, Biota, CNpre.'<si/s und 

 CalUtris. Bei allen diesen Pflanzen bilden die Archegonien scharf aus- 

 gesprochene Complexe, welche mit einer auch scharf ausgesprochenen 

 Deckschicht umgeben sind, während das für Cryptumcria, Taxodium und 

 Cunmnghatnia nicht immer der Fall ist, hier, wie es gezeigt worden ist, 

 kommen sehr oft unvollständige Complexe vor, indem die Archegonien locker 

 verbunden werden und zwischen ihnen auch Endospermschichten sich befinden, 

 es wird auch die Deckschicht nicht immer scharf gebildet, indem ihre Zellen 

 nicht viel von denen des Endosperms abweichen. Das gibt uns aber Recht, 

 solche Archegoniencomplexe nur als älteren noch nicht fixierten Typus zu be- 

 zeichnen, welcher später bei etwas weiter in der Entwicklung fortgeschrittener 

 Gruppe zu vollkommener Ausbildung gekommen ist. Wir können also diese 

 drei Gattungen in die Familie der Cupressineen stellen und zwar sie als ältere 

 Formen derselben bezeichnen." (Arnoldi, 1900, p. 23.) 



Reiliefte Bot. Centralbl. Bd. XXVII. Abt. I. Heft 1. 2 



