EXPERIMENT STATION BULLIOTINS. 273 



protected from wound rots by painting. Either lead and oil paint or shellac 

 wash* or grafting wax may be used for this but the lead and oil paint is cheaper 

 and less liable to crack than the others when exposed to the sun. The question 

 may be asked, "When is the proper time to do the cutting?" The writer would 

 answer, "Whenever the blight appears." Trimming out the diseased parts may 

 be done at any -time in the late fall, winter and spring. The most favorable 

 time, however, is in the autumn after the leaves have fallen for then the blighted 

 twigs become very conspicuous by the dead leaves still hanging to them. It 

 is not advisable to postpone the cutting until the growing season, for at that 

 time there is great danger of overlooking new cases which are constantly oc- 

 curring owing to the lack of development so early in the season. If the entire 

 tree is affected, there is little hope of saving it and the best procedure is to grub 

 it out and burn the whole tree. Too much stress cannot be laid upon the com- 

 plete destruction of the diseased wood for our only hope of stamping out the 

 blight lies in removing the source of the infection. A single twig left on the 

 ground unburned may mean the loss of the whole orchard. 



The knife and the saw used must be sterilized after each cut in order that 

 the disease germs clinging' to the instruments may not be carried to the healthy 

 parts of the tree. This can be done by passing the knife several times through 

 a flame or it may be dipped into a 5 per cent solution of carbolic acid. 



A careful inspection of the orchard should be made in the winter and spring 

 before the blossom season in order to destroy any new cases that may have 

 developed since the previous examination. 



The greater part of the blight will be eradicated by one careful winter and 

 spring cutting and if this be done and done thoroughly, the disease can be 

 entirely controlled. 



SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES. 



So far as we know at the present time there are no varieties that are entirely 

 immune to the disease. Several have been reported by growers as showing 

 a greater power of resistance than others, among which may be mentioned the 

 Duchess, Kiefer, Seckel, Anjou and Anjouleme. The more susceptible varieties 

 are the Flemish Beauty, Clapp's Favorite and Bartlett. 



Among the apples, the crabs in every case seem to take the disease most 

 readily, but even here there are some which are freer from blight than others. 

 It has been observed that the same variety .in different localities and under dif- 

 ferent climatic conditions will exhibit different degrees of resistance. The Colo- 

 rado Experiment Stationf cites one case in a certain locality where Martha and 

 Whitney crabs were grown alternately. The Whitney trees were either all dead 

 or dying while not one of the Marthas was affected. However, in other localities 

 the Marthas had succumbed to the blight. 



In selecting trees, be guarded by local experience and choose the varieties 

 which have done best in your locality. 



BACTERIOSIS OF BEANS. 



Frequently the foliage, stems and pods of the common beans as well as the 

 Lima bean are preyed upon by a bacterial diseasej known as Bacteriosis. The 

 symptoms are such as to make it readily distinguishable from all other maladies 

 to which the bean is heir. 



There appear on the different parts of the plant, especially on the leaves, 

 large, watery, brown patches or blisters that soon* dry up and cause the tissue 

 to become brittle and to curl leaving the foliage ragged and good for nothing. 

 The pods seem to furnish the best food supply for the microbes and it is here 

 that we find the disease at its best. Small discolored spots appear at first which 

 spread very rapidly and produce large lesions with pink or reddish brown borders 



* The Connecticut Exp. Sta. recommends oil sliellac, to which is added a little flower.s of sulphur 

 and a few drops of carbolic acid. 



t Bulletin 41 Colorado Experiment Station. 

 t Pseudomonas phaseoli (Smith.) 



35 



