294 



STATE liOARD OF AGIllCULTURE. 



with the spray. The presence or absence of the little nests later will indicate the 

 success or failure of the application. 



Canker-worms. (Anisopteryx pometaria. and Paleacrita vernata.) 



Two of the most wide spread and destructive insects of the apple, are known 

 as canker-worms. There are two species more or less common where apples 



Fig. 11. — Banding a tree for Canker-worm. First operation. 



are raised; the fall canker-worm and the spring canker-worm. The fall worm 

 (Fig. 13), is perhaps the most common: it is a single-brooded insect, which 

 lays its eggs either late in the autumn, or early in the spring. The egg hatches 

 out a small loop-worm that grows to the length of nearly an inch. It varies 

 greatly in color, but is iisually gray or almost black, striped with yellowish or 

 greenish. Being a measuring-worm, it has less than the ordinary number of 

 legs, six true legs near the head and four false legs near the posterior extremity, 

 with an extra rudimentary pair on the fifth abdominal segment. When full- 

 grown, it descends to the ground and buries itself, sometimes several inches 

 beneath the surface Here it forms a cell, by turning round and round, and 

 changes to the pupal stage. Late in the fall, from the last of October to the 

 time when the ground becomes frozen, the adult emerges and lays her eggs on 

 the branches of the trees. Many of the moths do not emerge in the fall, but re- 

 main in the ground till spring. When adult, the two sexes differ greatly in 

 appearance. The male is a pretty moih with ash-grey front wings marked by 

 three transverse darker lines, and hind wings of silvery grey. The female, on 

 the other hand, is not provided with wings, but has to crawl wherever she goes. 



