358 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



Pear scab is so similar in appearance to the scab of apple as to hardly need 

 other description. It attacks branches, foliage and especially the young fruit. 

 In the latter case the pears soon fall off or if they mature are often worthless. 

 Flemish Beauty seems especially subject to this disease as are also Seckel and 

 Summer Doyenne. Young branches of the last variety sent to the writer, have 

 presented a superficial appearance much resembling that of a scale insect. The 

 outer bark on such stems rounds out in small, sharply defined swellings usually 

 with a ruptured center. The presence of the spores of "scab" indicate the fungous 

 nature of these spots. 



The same line of treatment accorded to the apple scab is indicated for this 

 disease. The planting of varieties less subject to the scab than the above men- 

 tioned kinds is also desirable. 



LEAF BLIGHT. 



(Entomosporium maculatum Lev.) 



The fungus causing this disease attacks the leaves and fruit of the pear and 

 quince. On the leaves it produces small rounded spots of a brownish-red color. 

 On the fruit the spots soon lose their reddish color becoming much darker, while 

 the surface sometimes becomes cracked in severe cases as with the scab. In 

 the center of the diseased spots small pimples may be seen due to the forma- 

 tion of spores beneath the epidermis. Later these cracks open allowing the 

 spores to escape. 



The spores themselves are very peculiar, each being composed of two large 

 and several small cells united and possessing several bristle-like processes giving 

 them an appearance suggesting some kind of an insect. 



So far as the writer has ascertained this disease is not so common in this state 

 as those farther south and west. It is sometimes especially bad on nursery stock 

 in the row. 



It is quite readily controlled by the Bordeaux mixture, about three applica- 

 tions serving to keep the foliage and fruit free from the disease. 



BLACK EOT. (See on Apple.) 



This disease also sometimes appears on the pear and is capable of inducing 

 a rot of the fruit as well as a canker on the branches. 



LEAF SPOT. 



(Septoria piricola Desm.) 



This disease is of considerable importance in the pear orchard. It attacks 

 the leaves producing numerous small dead spots of a greyish color. Under a 

 hand lens these spots are seen to have a number of small black bodies buried 

 in the tissue of the leaf and from these bodies issue the spores of the fungus. 

 While each diseased area in the leaf blade may seem of little importance, yet 

 their great number often causes the leaf to die and fall off. This early stripping 

 of the foliage from the tree, often occurring in August, serves as a check to 

 the further growth and the proper ripening of the buds and shoots. This 

 untimely removal of the leaves may also cause the trees to push out another 

 growth too late in the season to properly mature thus favoring winter killing 

 and weakening of the tree. 



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; • *"" TBEATJIEXT. 



Spraying with Bordeaux mixture has proven an effectual protection against 

 this disease. About three sprayings are sufflcient. the first just after the petals 

 fall, the second and third at intervals of about two weeks. 



