» EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 409 



given before the blossoms opened, and the rest after the blossoms had fallen, 

 at intervals of a week, except that two applications of dust were made within 

 one week after the blossoms had fallen. 



The cherry-tree plant louse, a black, shiny aphis, which works on the young, 

 tender growth and leaves, made its appearance in very large numbers and did 

 much damage to the new growth and foliage. They work largely on the under- 

 side of the leaves, but when in large numbers, they are found in the fruit spurs, 

 causing both stem and fruit to curl, and secreting a sticky substance which in- 

 jures the sale of the fruit. As they are sucking insects and have to be killed 

 by a contact insecticide, it can readily be seen that unless the spraying is done 

 before the leaves have curled over them, the results will not be very satisfac- 

 tory. They have made their appearance in the orchard nearly every year, but 

 not in sufficiently large numbers to do any serious injury until this year. Kero- 

 sene emulsion, or, better yet, tobacco water are the remedies recommended for 

 this insect, as two bushels of, tobacco stems soaked 24 hours in 50 gallons of 

 water gave better results than kerosene emulsion using one pound of soap and 

 one gallon of oil, to 10 gallons of water. 



Notes on Varieties. 



The varieties that gave the best results were, Morello, Montmorency, Dye- 

 house, Minnesota, Wragg, Northwest! and Suda, the latter being a type of the 

 English Morello; Hearts and Bigarreaus: — Napoleon, Kirtland Mary, Windsor, 

 Ida, Ohio Beauty, Plymouth, and Wood; Dukes — Montreuil, May Duke, Carna- 

 tion, and Eugenie. 



On the heavy laden trees the fruit was not quite as large as usual owing to 

 the dry weather. 



The above list of cherries will afford a succession and can be recommended 

 for commercial planting. 



PEACHES. 



The crop of peaches was necessarily small this season, owing to the removal 

 of a large portion of the older blocks. Longhurst, Gold Drop, Triumph, Brown, 

 LaFleur, and Brunson came through the winter without injury and required 

 thinning. Oceana, McCollister, California, Switzerland, and Bernice gave a fair 

 yield. Waddell was the only variety to bear a full crop upon four-year old 

 trees. Quite a number of the new varieties matured a few specimens of which 

 descriptions will be given. 



Spraying. 



The early spraying of the peach trees for leaf-curl with copper sulphate, using 

 two pounds to fifty gallons of water was attended with the usual good results, 

 although the amount of injury from this disease upon unsprayed trees was com- 

 paratively small. 



In the neighboring orchard, where spraying has not been practiced and where 

 in some years the trees have been nearly defoliated by leaf-curl, we were given 

 permission to carry on an experiment. The following formulas were used, viz.: 

 Lime, sulphur and salt (25-15-8), Bordeaux mixture (4-5-50); and copper sul- 

 phate solution (2 pounds to 50 gallon^ of water). 



One row across the orchard was used for each mixture and, except for other 

 experiments, the remainder of the orchard was left unsprayed. The leaf-curl 

 on the unsprayed trees was not as bad as in some previous years. Scarcely a 

 diseased leaf showed on trees sprayed with the lime and sulphur wash and only 

 a small number of diseased leaves showed on Gold Drop, Lewis and Switzerland 

 in the rows sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and copper sulphate solution. There 

 was much more leaf-curl upon the check row unsprayed, than on rows sprayed 

 with either Bordeaux mixture or copper sulphate. The dust spray was also 

 used for leaf-curl, but no results were noticed from the use of this spray whether 

 applied in the fall or spring. 



Fall Pruning of Peach Trees. 



To further determine the effect, if any, from pruning peach trees in the fall, 

 a number of four-year old trees were pruned early in December, 1903, and a 



