EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 475 



Six applications of the dust mixtures were given and four of liquid. So far as 

 the codling moth is concerned, the different dust sprays were about equally 

 effectual, and compared well with liquid, but the test this year has again 

 demonstrated that none of the dust sprays will control the scab fungus either 

 on fruit or leaves. The injury from apple scab is fully as great as from worms 

 and for this reason, the dust spray will not take the place of the regular 

 Bordeaux mixture for apples, although it can be applied much quicker and with 

 less labor. The preparation and application of the dust mixtures is, however, 

 much more disagreeable than of the liquid. 



Summer Spray for Scale Insects. 



Upon the report from a California fruit grower that crude petroleum could 

 be used as a spray, while the foliage was on, if followed within fifteen or twenty 

 minutes with a solution of concentrated lye, it was thought best to try it upon 

 a few apple trees that had been tested and were of no particular value. On 

 June 7th, six trees were sprayed from one side with petroleum and this was fol- 

 lowed immediately with one pound of concentrated lye to nine gallons of water 

 ui)on two of the trees, and one pound of caustic soda to nine gallons of water 

 for two others, and the remaining trees were sprayed with one pound of crude 

 potash to nine gallons of water. The other sides of the same trees were then 

 sprayed with the same solutions to note their effect without the petroleum. 



The alkaline solutions were supposed to counteract the burning influence of 

 the crude oil on the foliage and limbs, but this they failed to do and the foliage 

 was killed wherever sprayed with the oil. The foliage was slightly burned on 

 the sides of the trees where the alkaline solutions were used but not so seriously 

 as to cause them to fall off. The oil, however, seriously injured the trees and 

 killed the smaller branches. 



Notes on Varieties. 



A number of varieties ripened fruit for the first time this season, many of 

 which promise to be valuable. The question of varieties is an interesting one 

 to the grower and, with our present long list, the new varieties must develop 

 some very desirable characteristics, to outclass those already well-known and 

 largely planted. The demand is for varieties that come into bearing early, few 

 caring to plant Northern Spy, Red Canada and Spitzenberg and others of their 

 type, that are of the finest quality, but late in coming into bearing. 



New Varieties. 



Arkansas: — Received in scion from Stark Brothers in 1897. Fruit medium to 

 large; roundish conic; yellow, shaded and colored v/ith light and very dark red 

 and sprinkled with small russet dots; flesh yellowish, very firm, fine-grained, 

 breaking. Quality fair. Season January to May. A long-keeping red winter 

 variety. 



Benoni: — Planted in 1891. Fruit medium-sized; color yellow overlaid with 

 bright red blush and dark red splashes. Form roundish to oblong, tapering to 

 the eye; flesh yellowish, firm, with a mild, sub-acid flavor. Quality very good. 

 Ripe August 31st. 



Black Annette: — Received from B. Hathaway in 1894. Tree an upright spread- 

 ing grower. Fruit medium, roundish, conic; greenish-yellow, overlaid, striped 

 and splashed with dark red, and sprinkled with many large conspicuous russet 

 dots. Flesh yellowish white, tender, fine-grained, rather dry, with a mild, pleas- 

 ant flavor. Quality fair. Season December to April. 



Boiken — A very promising new winter variety. Matured a fair crop of fine 

 fruit from trees planted in 1898. Trees moderately vigorous, spreading growers. 

 Fi-uit large, oblate, conic; clear shining yellow, with a bright red blush; flesh 

 white; firm, crisp, juicy, fine-grained; flavor rather brisk, sub-acid. Quality good. 

 Season December to April. 



Fameuse (Snow): — An old well-known variety of handsome appearance and 

 of the finest quality. Matured nearly a full crop from twelve-year old trees. 

 Inclined to scab badly, but when thoroughly sprayed is a valuable variety for 

 home or market. 



Oracle :— Received in 1890 from the late Peter Gideon of Minnesota. Trees 

 strong, vigorous, spreading growers. Fruit large, roundish, oblate, ribbed; hand- 



