Liliales. 353 



Diagram. Eichler's diagram of T. calyculata shows, 

 besides the zygomorphy in the calyculus, a slight irregularity 

 in the mutual size of the carpels. This also appHes to the arctic 

 species, especially to T. coccinea (Fig. 6), where it appears 

 to be even more strongly developed than in Eichler's 

 diagram. This difference is undoubtedly connected with the 

 carpotropic movements (see below). 



In T. palustris theperianth is purely w h i t e , or with 

 a greenish rather than a yellowish tinge, in T. coccinea 

 it is purely white on the inner side, deep purphsh on the 

 exterior, especially along the median line 



o 



of the leaves. Also the upper part of the 



scape and the carpels are of a beautiful 



purple-red coloiir. This bi-colouring is in 



live specimens very conspicuous, and when 



the species grow together they are easily pjo-. g, 



distinguished from each other by the colour Floral diagram 



of the flowers alone. But in herbariums the t.. \ au 



Note the 



red pigment often disappears entirely, the asymmetry in 



flowers in both species becoming yellowish, ^^^^ carpets. 



(Drawn 

 hence the numerous confoundings and erro- ^iy M. P. P.) 



neous determinations. 



The biology of the flowers (Fig. 5 B — E, 4 C) has 



been studied by H, Muller in the Alps on T. calijculata 



which he found proterogynous, \vhile T. palustris was almost 



homogamous. In spite of a greater abundance of honey- 



secretion in the latter he found a greater number of insects 



visiting the former. Greenlandic flowers of T. palustris and 



T. coccinea were almost homogamous 'Aith a slight indication 



of proterogyny. Visiting insects I have never seen there. In 



T. palustris Muller draws the stamens as freely projecting 



in the flower, in Greenlandic living material the filaments 



were curved downwards into the cavity of the perigonial 



