Scrophulariaceae. 371 



LER (the Alps) and E. Warming (Greenland and Northern 

 Norwayj. The flowers are large and conspicuous; also in the 

 Arctic regions, as a rule, they are of a pure and bright colour; 

 but according to M. Porsild, in northern Greenland a white- 

 flowering variety may commonly occur. The ultimate dia- 

 meter of the corolla is very constant, being 10 — ^12 mm in 

 material from the difTerent localities; I found it to be parti- 

 cularly large in some material from Iceland, viz. 14 mm (in 

 the Alps, according to Muller, only 6 — 7 mm). "The corolla- 

 tube and the throat is white, and furnished with a wreath 

 of hairs; then follows a dark, brown or reddish ring and 

 then the deep-blue limb. The corolla-tube is 1^2 — ^^U '^^ 

 in length (according to Muller 3 mm). As in the Alps the 

 filaments taper very much at the base, are about 5 mm in 

 length and, as the pistil is of the same length, the stigma 

 and anthers stand at the same level. The flowers are homo- 

 gamous. In fully expanded flowers self-pollination appears 

 to be able to take place only with difficulty, as the stamens 

 diverge so much laterally and the anthers are thereby re- 

 moved from the stigma on the straight outstretched style; 

 but self-pollination might have taken place at an earlier 

 point of time, for I have seen a flower (from Greenland at 

 67° N. lat., Aug. 6) which, perhaps on account of gloomy 

 and rainy weather, was only slightly expanded and in which 

 the one anther was open, so that the pollen fell out of it 

 down upon the stigma which stood close to it and which 

 appeared to be fully ripe. The ovary is covered with small 

 upwardly directed, adpressed hairs, and the style is 2 — 3 

 times longer than the ovary. Ripe fruit is produced in West 

 Greenland at least up to 70° N. lat." (E. Warming, 1890, p. 203). 

 V. jriiticans is homogamous also according to Axell 

 and H. Muller. The style, however, appears to me to be 

 always slightly longer than the anthers; the outspread posi- 



