Scrophulariaceae. 389 



Fig. 10, A and B, which are drawn from epidermis-pre- 

 parations of one of the leaves with the under surface turned 

 upward, seen uppermost in Fig. 9, show the proportion 

 between the number of the stomata on the upper and lower 

 surface of the leaf to be about 2 to 3; in the normally orien- 

 tated leaves of the same individual, there were, however, 

 generally about 3 times as many stomata on the lower as 

 on the upper surface. On the whole, I always found in all 

 the individuals of Veronica officinalis investigated by me, 

 by far the gre'ater number of stomata on the lower surface 

 of the leaf, viz., 3 to 5 times as many as on the upper sur- 

 face — this feature, as well as the absolute number of the 

 stomata per unit of area, may however vary in the different 

 leaves on the same individual. 



The non-glandular hairs, which are found in greater or 

 fewer numbers on the leaves and stems of the main form, 

 are multicellular, thick-walled, and have cuticular warts. 



Casdlleia'^pallida (L.) Kunth. 



Alcohol material from Kola (the Voronej River, leg. 

 Brotherus, 2. 7. 1887) and Arctic America (King Point and 

 Herschell Island, leg. A. H. Lindstrom, 1905 — 1906). Her- 

 barium material from Arctic America (Port Clarence, King 

 Point and Herschell Island (var. unalaschkensis Cham.), 

 Labrador, the coast of Hudson Bay (Ranken Inlet, Churchill 

 (var. septentrionalis (Lind.) Gray)), Lapponia imandrae. 



Lit.: Lange, 1880, p. 79; E. Warming, 1890, pp. 220— 223, fig. 

 34; Rosenvinge, 1892, p. 687; P. Knuth, 1899, p. 193; Simmons, 1913, 

 pp. 122 and 138. 



Spot-bound, nano-microphyllous, sympodial proto-hemi- 

 cryptophyte with a slightly branched primary root of long 

 duration. Only one shoot-generation reaches maturity in 

 each growth-period. The perennial basal portions of the shoots 



