Scrophulariaceae. 401 



Greenland, Cumberland, Labrador, Iceland, the Færoes, Scot- 

 land, Sweden southwards to Herjedalen and Jåmtland, Nor- 

 way (common towards the north, rare south of the Trond- 

 hjem Fjord), Northern Finland and Russia, in Siberia at 

 least as far towards the east as Jenisei. Porsild (1912, 

 p. 382) records the northern limit of the species in West 

 Greenland to be Tartusaq (71° 25' N. lat.). In East Green- 

 land E. arctica extends almost to 74° N. lat. (Lille-Pendulum 

 Island: Dusén); from the district of Angmagsalik north- 

 wards it occurs most frequently, and grows more luxuriantly 

 at the head of the fjords, whilst it is rarer and stunted in 

 growth along the coast outside the fjords and on the islands 

 off that coast. 



The Habitat is given by the various authors in unison 

 as being willow copses, lieaths, grassy slopes and "herb- 

 slopes"; Rosenvinge (1896 (II), pp. 219 and 245) also found 

 the species growing on gravelly flåts (Igaliko) and on knoils 

 in mossy bogs; Hartz found it in the district of Scoresby 

 Sound flowering as late as the middle of September. The 

 fruit-setting appeared everywhere to be abundant and good. 



The Anatomy of the root and the stem has been very 

 exhaustively described by Hovelacque as regards "E. ofji- 

 cinalis''' \ in E. arctica I found nothing which diflered from 

 his description. 



The Root has only a few root-hairs; the cortex is thin 

 and few-Iayered (3 — 4 cell-layers in thickness), its elements 

 are greatly elongated in a tangential direction; in the endo- 

 dermis the Casparian dots are distinct; in proportion to its 

 diameter, the xylem part in the full-grown root forms a 

 very thick bundle, composed of rather thin-walled vessels 

 and wood-fibres. 



The Stem has a rather thick-walled epidermis, upon 

 which occur 2 — 3 celled, non-glandular hairs with fine cuti- 



