Scrophulariaceae. 445 



luxuriant rosette. 1 can state nothing as regards the duration 

 of the first vegetative-stage, the 2-year-old piants in question 

 were still rather frail. The hypocotyl was somewhat elon- 

 gated, the adventitious roots had already begun to develop, 

 and in one of the individuals, a lateral shoot had been pro- 

 duced in the axil of a rosette-leaf of the first year. 



On therhizomes,innovation-shoots,fromlto 3 in number, 

 occur; their vegetative stage, judging from the material at my 

 disposal, which is however but scanty, extends over 2 years: 

 During the first year 2 — 4 foliage-leaves are developed, and 

 then scale-leaves, which serve as bud-scales for the winter- 

 bud; during the next year a somewhat more dense rosette 

 is developed, again succeeded by scale-leaves; and finally 

 the shoot, during the 3rd year, after having formed a lux- 

 uriant rosette, terminates in an aerial, flower-bearing portion, 

 which is often quite destitute of foliage-leaves, and may 

 attain a height of even 60 cm. 



The faet that the rhizome dies away behind, in con- 

 junction with the abundant development of adventitious 

 roots, must allow of vegetative propagation, since the lateral 

 shoots gradually become free and independent by the dying 

 away of the parent rhizome. 



E. Warming (1. c. p. 215 et seq, figs. 30 and 31) gives 

 the following description of the structure and biology of the 

 flower, on the basis of material from Kola, and from Øster- 

 dalen in Norway; his two groups of figures are reproduced 

 here as Fig. 30 and Fig. 31. 



"The flowers are .... as much as 32 mm long; they 

 stand erect, the subtending bracts are closely adpressed, and 

 in addition each flower appears to be completely closed. The 

 lower lip (Fig. E) is erect, 14 — 15 mm long, pressed closely 

 to the upper lip, which is a little longer (16 mm), and closes 

 the throat completely, but is easily pressed down. The visit- 

 xxxvn 29 



