446 



Fr. J. Mathiesen. 



ing insects must evidently be large and vigorous, such as 

 humble bees and moths, and they must, in a way similar 

 to that in Antirrhinum and Linaria, press their body or head 

 down between the two lips, by which means they primarily 

 come into contact with the stigma; Fig. 30, B shows (the 

 lower lip having been removed) that the stigma can be so 

 protruding that contact with it must be regarded as inevit- 



Fig. 30. Pedicularis Sceptrum carolinum. 

 From Kola near the \Vhite Sea (collected by Dr. Brotherus). 

 A, Flower, natural size and position. B, The same after the lower lip 

 has been removed (D belongs to this). C, Part of a 25 mm long flower, 

 seen in front view; the stigma protrudes less than it does for instance 

 in B; the anthers have not yet opened (see F); to this belongs the 

 tip of the style shown in H. E, The lower lip of B. G, Ovary. v indi- 

 cates the revolute portion of the edge of the upper lip. (E. Warming, 



1890.) 



able; that cross-polHnation must take place by the agency 

 of large insects, is also evident from the faet that the distance 

 from the stigma to the nectary may be as much as 2.5 cm. 

 I have also several times seen the stamens torn off the upper 

 lip, evidently by the violence of a large insect. In one of 

 the flowers (C) which has been illustrated, the anthers had 



