Scrophulariaceae. 



447 



not yet opened (F), and as the stigma appears to be ripe 

 (//), protogyny must consequently prevail. When the anthers 

 have afterwards opened (D) it must evidently be the insect 

 knocking against the filaments, which shakes the pollen down 

 over it; Strange to say, hoth the fila- 

 ments, anthers, style as well as the 

 revolute portions of the edge of the 

 upper lip, are quite glabrous (see B, C 

 and D) so that there is no special contri- 

 vance which by its resistance increases 

 the shock. On the other hånd, hairs 

 occur — which are probably of im- 

 portance in preventing the pollen-grains 

 from falling out at the sides — viz., 

 along the edges of the upper part of 

 the upper lip (i?, 6", i)), consequently, 

 in the same place as ordinarily, but 

 on another organ. 



For the rest, the width of the slit 

 of the upper lip, and the degree to which 

 the stigma protrudes, differ also. While 

 the stigma protrudes far out in the 

 quite young flower B, it does not pro- 

 trude so far in the young C, and still 

 less in Fig. 31 (also in this paper Fig. 

 31) of which the anthers are already 

 open .... Self-pollination appears to 

 be able to take place only with diffi- 

 culty. As the species sets fruit abun- 

 dantly in so northerly a region as near Alten (about 70° N. 

 lat.) it must undoubtedly be humble-bees that effect pollina- 

 tion." 



Conditions perfcaining to the pollination of the flower 



29* 



Fig. 31. Pedicularis 

 Sceptrum carolinutn. 



From Kola. 

 The upper lip in front 

 and side view. The 

 anthers are open. In 

 the front there is a 

 flat or incurved part, 

 and the slit is tightly 

 closed above. In this 

 case the stigma does 

 not protrude, but 

 stands just within 

 the uppermost end of 

 the slit. (E.Warming, 

 1890.) 



