Scrophulariaceae. 461 



Abromeit, 1899, p. 43; Knuth, 1899, p. 190; Andersson and Hes- 

 selman, 1901, p. 16; Cleve, 1901, pp. 10, 39, 67, 69, 70, 72, 76, 82, 

 83 and 88; Dusén, 1901, p. 39; Eastwood, 1902, p. 290; Pohsild, 

 1902, pp. 110, 114, 124 and 216; 1910, pp. 259, 267 and 271; 1912, 

 pp. 382 and 385; 1920, p. 143; Sylvén, 1905, p. 88; Simmons, 1906, 

 p. 27, tab. II, figs. 7—8, tab. III, fig. 1; 1913, pp. 123, 137 and 164; 

 Ostenfeld and Lundager, 1910, p. 31; Ostenfeld, 1915, p. 381; 

 Lundager, 1917, pp. 360, 394, 399 and 402; Resvoll, 1917, p. 214. 



Spot-bound, sympodial hemicryptophyte of semi-rosette 

 type, with primary root of long duration, attaining as much 

 as 2 cm in thickness and often furnished with some vigorous 

 branches. As recorded by Th. Resvoll, in older specimens 

 adventitious roots can be developed. 



Sylvén describes only mere seedhngs. The seed ger- 

 minates in spring; during the summer a rosette consisting 

 of a few small foliage-leaves, is formed, and the young plant 

 enters upon its winter-rest with its shoot-apex protected by 

 4 — 6 bud-scales (Th. Resvoll): the following summer a 

 rosette of more abundant leaves is formed, then again bud- 

 scales and so on, until the time of flowering is reached. A 

 flower-bearing shoot-portion with elongated internodes ter- 

 minates the growth of the main axis. Also as Th. Resvoll 

 remarks, during the flowering year, no rosette of radical 

 leaves is formed. As regards the length of the first vegeta- 

 tive stage, the said author has found, that two-year-old 

 piants had not yet any floral organs developed in the ter- 

 minal bud. 



At the rhizome-portion of the floral shoots, 1 — 3 innova- 

 tion-shoots are developed — most frequently two; the suc- 

 cession of shoots with short internodes which are thereby 

 formed, gradually brings about the formation of a "rhizoma 

 multiceps" (a mesocorme). 



The innovation-shoots pass through a vegetative-stage 

 of two years duration before flowering; every summer, a 

 rosette consisting of a few fohage-leaves, is formed and, as 

 XXXVII. 30 



