Scrophulariaceae. 479 



under the microscope. The shoot which was terminated by 

 this \\inter-bud, was one year old — consequently, the length 

 of the purely vegetative period in this case will only have 

 been one year — during the previous year it had, as is usually 

 the case, unfolded 2 f oHage-leaves ; the bud-scales numbered 5. 

 The maximum height of the flower-bearing shoot was 

 found to be 28 cm; from Iceland and Greenland I found 

 small individuals, flowering for the first time, which were 

 only 3 cm high. A specimen from Disco differed entirely by 

 a total absence of foliage-leaves on the above-ground stem, 

 which was 20 cm high, and by having flowers, the lowermost 

 of which were long-stalked almost down to the base; the 

 axis was comparatively very thick (about 8 mm in diameter). 



E. Warming found the flowers from Norway (W. Fin- 

 mark), Iceland and Greenland to agree entirely in structure; 

 from his descriptions I quote the following: "The flowers 

 are not very conspicuous; their lower part stands erect, 

 almost parallel v^ith the axis of the inflorescence, their upper 

 part is bent shghtly forward (Fig. 42, A); the colour is yel- 

 low, the upper part of the helmet is, however, more or less 

 reddish-brown. The corolla-tube is only 7 — 8 mm long; the 

 lower lip is very small, with three rounded lobes, and often 

 appears smaller still by the faet of its edges being bent 

 backwards (Fig. 42, C). The cleft of the upper hp is some- 

 times very narrow (V2 mm, see Fig. 42, D), but sometimes 

 wider, even so wide that there is a large entrance to the 

 interior of the flower, as for example in flowers with an 

 upper lip curved strongly forward. 



This species appears to be as highly adapted to self- 

 polhnation, as it is poorly adapted to insect-polhnation, 

 which also agrees with the faet that it is so little conspicuous. 

 I never saw the stigma protrude from the blunt, untoothed 

 tip ; so it is placed immediately in front of, or slightly under 



31* 



