Scrophulariaceae. 485 



vestigated on Knutshø (Dovre) on July 23rd, the terminal 

 bud proved to contain "the young stem for the coming 

 summer, covered by the rudiments of the stem-leaves; within 

 these were the subtending leaves of the flowers; the separate 

 parts of these were already distinctly discernable." 



The flower-bearing stem-portion has, as a rule, no foliage- 

 leaves at its base, but such may occur as an exception. 



In the interval between germination and flowering the 

 plant develops a vertical mesocorme, as much as 1 cm long 

 and 0.5 cm thick, from the lower part of which there proceed 

 a varying number of adventitious roots (I counted as many 

 as 8); as in P. flammea they are somewhat swollen, as a 

 rule especially in their proximal half, but sometimes also 

 along their entire length, but narrowing abruptly towards 

 the base; they become as much as 10 cm long, and as much 

 as 6 mm in diameter; most frequently they are furnished 

 with slender, filiform branches, or, at any rate, scars 

 left by such are present; more rarely with 1 — 2 vigorous 

 root-branches. The main root dies away; in the majority 

 of cases it probably does not survive the first flowering 

 period of the individual. As mentioned by Warming (1890, 

 p. 207), the majority of the adventitious roots arise at the 

 base of a bud on the mesocorme. According to the obser- 

 vations of Warming and Th. Resvoll — which observations 

 I am able to confirm fully — the lateral buds are developed 

 especially in the axils of the scale-leaves, and are of the 

 same age as these. The buds in the lower part of the stem 

 develop two small foliage-leaves during their first summer, 

 but usually do not develop any further; as a rule they are 

 found as small formations covered with a few scale-leaves; 

 they must be regarded as reserve-buds, for, as seen in a 

 specimen from Nova Zembla, under certain circumstances 

 they may develop further and even produce flowers. 



