Scrophulariaceae. 493 



Summary and (ieneral Remarks. 



A. Account of the Growth-form and remarks on the 

 StructureoftheShoot, the Vegetative Reproduction 



and the Winter-stage. 



I. Undershrub-Chamæphytes: Veronica fruticans and 



alpijia. 



The shoot-development extends over 2 years; especially 

 in V. alpina the first-year portions of the shoots often assume 

 the character of runners; this, in conjunction N\ith the 

 abundant development of adventitioiis roots, and the dying 

 away of the older portions of the stem, makes abundant 

 vegetative reproduction possible in this species. Special bud- 

 scales do not occur. 



Both species may form lax tufts. Nanophyllous winter- 

 greens. In the Arctic regions they require a snow-covering 

 during their winter-rest; V. fruticans requires also a habitat 

 which is freed from snow rather early in spring. 



II. Hemicryptophytes. 



a. Proto-hemicryptophytes: Castilleia pallida and 

 Bartschia alpina. 



The former species has a main root of long duration; 

 in Bartschia it dies away early, and adventitious roots are 

 abundantly developed; this in conjunction with the forma- 

 tion of runners allows rather abundant vegetative reproduc- 

 tion. When Bartschia grows in comparatively dry and firm 

 soil the formation of runners is checked and it forms tufts; 

 in that case it evidently forms a transition to the under- 

 shrub-chamæphyte type. Nano-microphyllous. During the 

 winter-rest the growing-point is protected by the scale-leaves 

 on the portion of the shoot formed the foregoing summer. 

 In the Arctic regions Bartschia (and probably also Castilleia) 

 requires a snow-covering during its winter-rest, 



xxxvn. 32 ' 



