496 Fr. J. Mathiesen. 



linum) some vegetative reproduction takes place; but natur- 

 ally by this means the plant can spread only to a very limited 

 extent. 



According to ^I. Porsild 's observations P. hirsiita and 

 lanata can dispense ^\^th a snow-covering during winter; all 

 the other species of Pedicularis here mentioned no doubt 

 require a snow-covering, but at the same time certainly also 

 require that the snow in their neighbourhood shall melt 

 rather early in spring; therefore, in the Arctic regions these 

 species hardly belong to the real snow-trough flora, as is 

 for instance the case with P. hirsuta in Norway. In southern 

 Greenland, however, several of the species ascend rather far 

 up the mountains (E. Warming, 1888, p. 87). 

 III. Therophyte: Euphrasia arctica. 



Germinates in spring. 



B. The Structure and Biology of the Flower. 



In the large winter-buds of P. sudetica, hirsuta, flammea 

 and Oederi the floral organs are found to be highly developed 

 in the year previous to that in which they expand, and the 

 same is probably the case in the rest of the species of Pedi- 

 cularis. Also in Veronica alpina and Bartschia alpina floral 

 organs have been demonstrated in the winter-buds. 



The corollas are small and only slightly showy in Vero- 

 nica alpina and Euphrasia arctica; in the former species the 

 colour is deep blue, and in Euphrasia pale lilac to white, 

 with yellow and violet markings. Veronica fruticans has 

 bright blue corollas, which are even as much as 14 mm in 

 diameter. Bartschia alpina, Castilleia pallida and the Pedi- 

 cularis spp. have rather large flowers with brightly coloured 

 corollas (deep bluish violet, red, yellow, and yellow with red 

 or brow^n markings), collected into crowded and often large 



