1907.] DISCUSSION. . 45 



which sometimes happen on a large plant : the men thought it 

 was too much bother to cook the eggs, so they just broke them 

 into the mash, and in that way they got rid of a lot of eggs 

 that had come right from where they were having the cholera. 

 And the first thing we knew a lot of our fowls were wobbling 

 around the yard, having convulsions and dying. That is the 

 first thing I noticed. I looked for everything that had cholera. 

 What I looked for was this : I looked for fowls that were weak 

 on their legs, that showed symptoms of rapidly losing strength, 

 that had pale combs and wattles, that were dull looking about 

 the eyes, and with legs that were hot and dry. They would 

 have full crops almost invariably. If you startled them they 

 would fall over on their side, have a convulsion and die almost 

 in a few minutes. Those are the chief symptoms of chicken 

 cholera. You do not get a black comb when the chicken is 

 dead. It is pale and flabby; at least I have never seen a dark 

 comb, but with anthritis and with other bowel troubles you 

 do get a dark comb. 



Now perhaps it might be well to say something about the 

 post-mortem appearance of these cholera-infected birds. An 

 examination of the cholera-infected birds shows a very large 

 gall sack, dark green, a real dark greenish-blue bile, the liver 

 large and flabby, and full of dark blood. More or less ulcera- 

 tions in the intestines, but one of the most prominent and most 

 noticeable things in the post-mortems is the condition of the 

 kidneys and the small ducts leading to the kidneys. Those 

 are usually full of a limey substance, composed chiefly of 

 urates, which are yellowish in color, sometimes yellowish green. 

 That is an almost invariable characteristic of chicken cholera. 

 The kidneys are sometimes full of the same limey concrete. 

 Almost invariably the crop is full, and that is dite to the fact 

 that the fowl is paralyzed in the crop muscles and intestinal 

 muscles, so that the food cannot pass on. You see a bird that 

 is almost thin enough to shave with, but with a big, full crop, 

 that a week before was a nice, big, plump, active bird. Now 



