WINTER MEETING AT LEBA.NON. 321 



weather turns cold cover them two or three inches deeper with leaves, 

 straw, rotted manure or other good mulching material. Remove the 

 extra covering in the spring, cultivate carefully and give some shade 

 through the heat of the summer; transplant in nursery rows in the 

 fall ; hill up the rows, give them strawy manure or other mulching 

 through the winter, cultivate the next summer and plant in the fall 

 where wanted, observing the precautions usually followed in the fall 

 planting, and success will follow as often as it does with any other tree 

 planting. The farmer who does not want to take this time and trouble 

 can secure all kinds of nut trees adapted to this climate from reliable 

 nurserymen in various parts of the country at reasonable rates. Wal- 

 nut, hickory and pecan trees have been successfully budded and grafted. 



The oftener young trees are transplanted the more fibrous roots 

 they have. "The pecan tree transplants about as readily and safely 

 when one or two years old as any other tree and older trees when root 

 pruned or transplanted every two years will live and do well with a 

 little care in transplanting," says D. B. Weir. 



The after cultivation of nut trees is substantially the same as for 

 any other orchard trees. 



The distance apart to plant depends upon the kind, the location, 

 the soil and the purposes for which they are grown. For nuts, the 

 walnut, hickory, chestnut and pecan should be given about the same 

 space as the apple, 36 to 42 feet. Some advise planting peach and nut 

 trees alternately, as the peach trees will be beyond their prime before 

 the nuts will need the room. Almonds and filberts should be planted 

 from 12 to 15 feet apart, If planting for timber as well as nuts, the 

 trees should be five to eight feet and rows eight to twelve feet apart. 



Nut trees are usually of slow growth at the start, but increase in 

 geometrical ratio with age and good cultivation. A loose soil is espe- 

 cially craved by the walnut and pecan. When the seeds of these trees 

 first found lodgment in Southern Indiana, tbeir roots penetrated the 

 undisturbed mold of centuries, they struck deep, and the giants that 

 once reared their heads on our hills and in our valleys, now, alas, all 

 laid low, were monarchs of their kind. With proper fertilizers and 

 cultivation, our children, if not ourselves, may witness a new growth 

 of these mighty trees that our forefathers and the older of ourselves so 

 ruthlessly felled. 



Fertilizers increase the size of tree and nut, and also bring them 

 into bearing earlier. 



In planting nut trees the same rule should be followed that the 

 best orchardists now follow, of planting several trees of the same spe- 

 cies near enough for the proper action of the pollen. 

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