MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 401 



Taberncemontana utilis (Apocynese). The cow-tree of British Guiana 

 iind Deuierara is called liya liya by the natives. The lactescent juice is 

 said to be bland and wholesome, resembling cow's milk in appearance, 

 but rather sticky. Brown says : " The Indians showed us the milk 

 tree, from an incision in the bark of which we obtained a good flow of 

 thick, white, creamy sap, of a rich nutty flavor, but a little of it went a 

 long way." This tree was described by Arnott in 1830. 



Mimusops elata (Sapotace*). The cow-tree of the Amazon. Hern- 

 don says it is called there echenique, and that the fresh milk was used 

 as a food and a beverage. As brought to him, it had a foamy appearance 

 as if just drawn from the cow, and looked very rich and tempting. It, 

 however, coagulates very soon, he says, and becomes as hard and tena- 

 cious as glue. Bates says the milk is pleasant with coffee, but has a 

 slight rankness when drank pure. It soon thickens to a glue which is 

 exceedingly tenacious. He was told that it was not safe to drink much 

 of it. Wallace says the milk exudes in abundance when the bark is 

 cut; it has about the consistence of thick cream, and but for a very 

 slight peculiar taste, could scarcely be distinguished from the genuine 

 product of the cow. Another authority gives the name of the tree as 

 the Massaranduba. 



Malouetia lactiflora (Apocynere). Miers says this is a very lactes- 

 cent tree, yielding in South America a vegetable milk used by the 

 natives, and also forming a useful varnish, according to Schomburgh. 



Asclepias lactifera (Asclepiadeje). The cow-tree of Ceylon. Bur- 

 man relates that when cow's milk is wanting, or for other reasons, the 

 juice of this plant affords a substitute, and that the leaves are also 

 cooked with foods that require animal milk. 



Euphorbia balsamifera (Euphorbiaeere). In the Canary Islands, 

 this species is called Tabayba dulce and the juice is sweet and harm- 

 less, as Humboldt says. The juice is said to be similar to sweet milk, 

 and thickens into a jelly to be used as a delicacy. It is doubtful 

 whether from this scant mention this species should be included among 

 cow-trees. 



Mammilaria simplex (Cactea?). This species is said to yield a sweet, 

 milky and wholesome juice. — E. L. Sturtevant, in Am. Garden. 



TRANSPLANTING. 



Nearly every vegetable will endure transplanting without per- 

 manent injury, and this practice simplifies garden work and adds much 



h R— 2G 



