360 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 



retail men make one trip a day, while some of the retail men make two trips 

 a day over the same territory. The wholesale dealers get cash and are paid 

 for lost bottles. The retail dealers use a cash and ticket system. 



Kalamazoo is a city of 48,487 people, good roads, although quite hilly on 

 the outskirts of the city. The city is not so well adapted to the delivery of 

 milk as is Lansing, but is fairly well laid out. The city milk and food supply 

 is under the supervision of a milk and food inspector, but there is no 

 workable city ordinance enforced. The milk supply of the city is handled 

 by 18 distributors operating 40 vehicles of which three are strictly wholesale, 

 seven entirely retail and 30 which carry both wholesale and retail. Forty- 

 one men, 42 horses, and two trucks are used to distribute 6,555 quarts of 

 wholesale milk and 6,926 quarts of retail milk to supply the city daily. Whole- 

 sale milk is delivered in the day time and two deliveries a day are made to 

 each stop. The milk is sold for cash and lost bottles are paid for. Retail 

 milk is delivered after twelve o'clock at night with one delivery a day and a 

 credit system of monthly collection is used. 



Fhnt distributors were supplying 100,000 people at the time the study 

 was made. Flint is well laid out for the distribution of milk, but with roads 

 in a very poor condition causing detours and smaller loads or more horse- 

 power. It has a city milk and food inspector and a city milk and food ordi- 

 nance that is enforced. The milk supply of the city is handled by 13 dealers 

 operating 63 vehicles, 18 of which are exclusively wholesale, five entirely 

 retail and 40 handle both wholesale and retail. Besides this there are four 

 wagons which handle only buttermilk and have no regular route, therefore, 

 they are not included in the study. Sixty-six men, 61 horses, 15 trucks and 

 48 wagons are used to distribute 18,400 quarts of wholesale milk and 11,110 

 quarts of retail milk to supply the city. The wholesale milk is delivered in 

 the day time with but one dehvery a day and is sold for cash. The drivers 

 are allowed to give credit only at their own risk. An effort is made to obtain 

 all empty bottles, but no charge is made for losses. Retail milk dehvery is 

 made after twelve at night, all loads are thus delivered before twelve noon. 

 No afternoon delivery on regular routes is made. All milk is sold for tickets 

 or cash, but drivers are allowed to give customers credit at their own risk. 



How THE Study Was Made. 



One complete trip was made with each wagon in the different cities studied, 

 making notes on all the individual problems of each wagon, writing up the 

 route traveled and stops made, size of load, time of dehvery, amount sold, 

 number of sales, etc. Enough time was spent with each driver to obtain 

 complete information of his work. The route, every stop, and customer of 

 that driver was then drawn on a map of the city in color so that the deliv- 

 eryman could be followed in his day's work. Measurements were made to 

 determine the number of miles traveled, both wholesale and retail, the miles 

 of duplication of self, and miles of duplication of others. When all the 

 routes in the city had been mapped one could determine for any place in the 

 city who delivered at each house, how many drivers traveled any street, how 

 many drivers delivered in each block, etc. Because of changing population 

 during the time necessary to make the studies some slight errors naturally 

 have entered, but the average results are not appreciably affected thereby. 



To illustrate some of the conditions met with, and to show how data were 

 determined, a map of Kalamazoo was prepared and may be obtained by 

 addressing this Station. 



