EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 417 



pounds or eveu more of jiowdered arsenate of lead to each 50 gallons 

 of the bordeaux, just as the very first webs are spun, about three to five 

 days after blooming nicely starts and again in ten days if necessary, 

 and once more just before the grape berries touch in the cluster, so 

 that a spray may still be forced in between the separate berries. 



The Kedzie mixture seems preferable to arsenate of lead lor the control 

 of berry moth. 



For leaf-hoppers, — sometimes incorrectly called "Thrips," use nicotine- 

 sulphate and bordeaux, at the rate of one pint of the nicotine to 100 

 gallons of bordeaux and ai)ply just before the first nj^mphs change to 

 the winged stage. Unfortunately the eggs, which are laid in the tissue 

 of the underside of the leaves, do not all hatch at once and it is de- 

 sirable to wait until tlie last moment in order to let as many as pos- 

 sible of the eggs hatch, some time between mid June and mid July. II 

 may even be necessary to repeat this spray if the young wingless nymphs 

 continue to appear. Success wnll depend on the thoroughness of appli- 

 cation since each insect must be directly hit to be killed. 



These insects winter under rubbish, often at a distance from the 

 vines and the destruction by fire of all fallen leaves and other rubbish 

 will prove a very important factor in the control of the pest. 



For Climbing Cut-worms, — use tree tanglefoot on the vines, posts and 

 wires. Also sprinkle poison bran bait near the bases of the vines. 

 (iSee page 427.) ^- 



CttRRAXTS and GoOSEnERRIES. 



San Jose and European fruit-scale are found on currants although 

 seldom on gooseberries. Inspect carefully for them and if found, spray 

 before growth starts with lime-sulphur (6I/4 to 50). 



Summer Sprays. Just as the leaves are expanding, spray with bor- 

 deaux to which add one pound of arsenate of lead powder to every 50 

 gallons. (Eecent experiments of this Station have demonstrated that 

 lime-sulphur is not as eflScient in controlling the fungous troubles on 

 currants and gooseberries as bordeaux). 



Repeat the above spray when the fruit is about one-fourth grown. 



If "worms" trouble the foliage or fruit after this time and before 

 the fruit is harvested, use hellebore. 



Leaf bugs and aphids, — may appear, either one or both together. When 

 they do, spray with nicotine-sulphate while the bugs are red and wing- 

 less and before the leaves have become curled. Spray upward from 

 beneath. 



Gooseberry mildew, — is a fungous disease that is especially trouble- 

 some on such English varieties as Industry, Columbus and Chautauqua. 

 Spray with bordeaux. Begin when the buds start and repeat every 10 

 days to two weeks until near picking time. 



When pruning, — if a cane shows discolored pith when cut, it may 

 indicate the cane-borer. Cut back to sound pith. Burn trimmings 

 immediately. 



Wilted foliage, — at any time may indicate the cane-borer. Cut out 

 and burn. 



