EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 423 



ing upon the kind of plant to be treated. For apples, pears, clierries, 

 grapes and plums (except Japanese varieties) the proportion is usually 

 four pounds of copper-sulphate, with about the same amount of lump 

 lime, (unslaked lime) to fifty gallons of water. When hydrated lime 

 is used, use six pounds instead of four. Poison is added as needed. 

 The copper-sulphate will readily dissolve in two gallons of hot water, to 

 which should be added enough water to make 25 gallons, or one-half 

 barrel. Do not use an iron or tin vessel to dissolve this in, as the 

 copper-sulphate will destroy it, and besides, the iron will spoil the 

 bordeaux. A wooden pail is good. Slake the lime into a thin paste 

 and add water to make 25 gallons. Pour, or let these run together 

 into a third barrel, and the bordeaux is made. When it is emptied 

 into the spray barrel or tank, it should be strained through a brass 

 wire strainer to catch any of the coarse particles. 



Whenever it is necessary to use a quantity of the mixture, it is de- 

 sirable to have the lime and copper-sulphate in "stock solutions." A 

 quantity of lime is slaked to a paste and held so by being covered with 

 water. The copper-sulphate, say 50 pounds, is placed in a clean gunny 

 sack and suspended in a barrel (one with wooden hoops is much to be 

 prefeiTed) containing 25 gallons of water. This will dissolve in about 

 a day. One gallon of this "stock solution"* is equal to two pounds of 

 copper-sulphate. 



A good quick way to combine these three substances is as follows: 

 Put the amount of the "stock solution" of copper-sulphate required 

 in a barrel, and add enough water to make 25 gallons, or one-half barrel. 

 Put about seven pounds of the lime paste in a barrel and add 25 gal- 

 lons of water, making a thin whitewash. Pour, or let these two run 

 together into a third barrel, or directly into the spray barrel or tank, 

 being sure to strain. If arsenate of lead, or any other j)oison is to be 

 used, make it into a thin paste with a little water and add it to the 

 bordeaux-mixture, which is now ready to be used. 



COPPER-SULPHATE SOLUTION. 



Copper-sulphate solution is copper-sulphate dissolved in water. It 

 is used by some growers to spray peaches, plums and grapes to prevent 

 rot, — when it appears just before harvest. One pound of copper-sul- 

 phate to 100 to 200 gallons of water is used, depending upon the sus- 

 ceptibility of the foliage to spray injury. 



Prepared Bordeaux. There are many brands of prepared bordeaux- 

 mixtures upon the market, sold under various proprietary names. 

 Some of them also contain arsenical poisons. Up to this time we have 

 been convinced by experience that a freshly combined homemade bor- 

 deaux is superior to anything else in controlling fungous diseases. 



Stomach Poisons. 



For Insects that Chew 

 arsenate of lead. 



This poison is used very extensively. The powdered form is most 

 commonly handled at the present time and in the formulas of sprays 



•Always stir this "stock solution" before dipping any out, in order that what is used 

 may be full strength. 



