426 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



lead or a combination of the two immediately before the spray is ap- 

 plied. It Should not be stirred in and allowed to stand before the ap- 

 plication is made. In case nicotine is used in combination with any 

 liquids other than water, soap should never be added. In case, however, 

 nicotine is used by itself alone and diluted with water, soap adds 

 greatly to its efficiency by causing it to spread better and perhaps in 

 other ways. The favorite strength used in orchards and small fruit 

 spraying is one part to 800, in other words, one pint to 100 gallons 

 of water with three or four pounds of soap, or one pint to 100 gallons 

 of dilute lime-sulphur without soap. Some growers dilute the nicotine 

 still further, using one part to 1,000 of water or other spraying ma- 

 terial. Of course, if one uses 10 per cent nicotine, one should use four 

 times as much of it as if 40 per cent nicotine is employed, and any 

 strengths of nicotine other than those mentioned should be diluted in 

 proportion to their strengths. 



KEROSENE EMULSION. 



Place two gallons of ordinary kerosene in a warm place, either in a 

 warm room or in the sun, and allow to become as warm as possible 

 without danger from fire. Boil one pound of laundry soap or wliale 

 oil soap in a gallon of soft water until completely dissolved. Remove 

 the soap solution from the fire, and while still boiling hot, add the kero- 

 sene and agitate vigorously for 10 minutes, or until the oil is emulsi- 

 fied, with a spraying pump by forcing the liquid back into the vessel 

 from which it was pumped. When the liquid is perfectly emulsified, it 

 will appear creamy in color and will flow evenly down the side of the 

 vessel when allowed to do so. Care should be taken to completely 

 emulsify the oil and this is accomplished much more easily when the 

 mixture is hot. ^ 



This strong emulsion may now be readily diluted with water and 

 used. If the water is at all hard, "break" it by adding a little sal-soda 

 before putting in the soap. 



Small amounts of this emulsion may be made by using the ingre- 

 dients in small quantities, but in the same relative proportion. It is 

 used at the rate of 8 or 10 parts of water to 1 part of emulsion. 



HELLEBORE. 



White hellebore is the powdered root of a plant. It kills both by 

 contact and as an internal poison. It may be applied either dry or in 

 the form of a liquid. When used dry it should be mixed with three or 

 four times its weight of flour, hydrated-lime or of plaster and then 

 dusted on the insects. Applied wet, one pound should be mixed with 

 twenty-five gallons of water and this liquid applied as a spray. 



INSECT POWDER, BUHACH, PYRETHRUM. 



This valuable remedy has one drawback — its cost. It is too expen- 

 sive for use on a large scale. It kills insects through their breathing 

 pores, but is harmless to man and beast. It will kill many of the in- 

 sects of the garden if dusted on or applied as a spray at the rate of one 

 ounce to two gallons of water. 



Use this powder when it is undesirable to use a permanent poison, 



