Vermont State Horticulttjrat. Society. 35 



effective agent in the treatment of dormant trees for the scale 

 insects and in many cases for fungous diseases. For Vermont 

 conditions the sulphur sprays do not have any particular appli- 

 cation, because as yet the San Jose scale has been found 

 in but two orchards in Vermont, both of which have received 

 vigorous treatment and are more or less isolated, and the oyster 

 shell bark louse is amenable to a more simply prepared remedy, 

 such as a lime wash at the rate of from one to two pounds of 

 lime per gallon. 



One of the newest insecticides for scale insects seems to 

 offer some possibilities of combination with the Bordeaux mix- 

 ture and thus form an ideal insecticidal and fungicidal spray 

 solution. This new insecticide is called the Kerosene-Limoid 

 mixture, (^) and was originated by Close of Delaware. The 

 Limoid is a specially prepared finely divided lime and magnesia 

 which readily absorbs kerosene and forms a perfect emulsion 

 with it on the addition of water. Four pounds of fresh limoid 

 will take up one gallon of kerosene. In preparation, the kerosene 

 limoid emulsion is so much more simple than that of the kerosene 

 emulsion of kerosene and soap that it will unquestionably 

 supplant the latter. The formula for a twenty-five gallon, ten 

 percent mixture,, is as follows : 



Kerosene 2^ gallons. 



Limoid 10 lbs, 



Water 22^ gallons. 



This mixture is best prepared in a barrel or other con- 

 venient vessel. First add the kerosene, then the limoid, and 

 stir vigorously until thoroughly mixed into a thin creamy mass, 

 after which add from five to ten gallons of water and stir again 

 to throw the whole mass in suspension in the water. When 

 this is accomplished add the remainder of the water and thor- 

 oughly agitate the liquid again, this time preferably by pumping 

 it back into itself. A three minute agitation of this sort will 

 insure a perfect emulsion that will remain in suspension and that 

 will flow through the Vermont nozzle almost as freely as water. 

 Laboratory tests by Close have demonstrated that the kerosene 

 will stay emulsified for several weeks. 



In addition to the use of the kerosene-limoid as an insecti- 

 cide it has been found possible to combine it with the Bordeaux 

 miixture and with arsenical poisons. Further experiments may 

 demonstrate that in the kerosene-limoid-Bordeaux-arsenical mix- 

 ture we have a spray mixture that is effective against sucking 

 and chewing insects and also against fungous pests. In Ver- 



'Close, Del. Sta, Press Bulletin 14 (1904). 



