38 Second Ajtnual Report 



arily given to the preparation of fungicides and possibly to 

 insecticides, though not to the same extent as the former. Then, 

 again, the time of application is not always wisely chosen. For 

 example, the first spraying for apple scab should always be 

 made before the buds have swollen very much. A spraying 

 at this time will ordinarily do more toward ensuring freedom 

 from scab than subsequent ones, the ultimate success is, how- 

 ever, dependent on one or two subsequent ones, say one shortly 

 after the blossoms fall,, followed by another from lo to 14 days 

 later. In the same way the codling moth can only be con- 

 trolled by spraying with arsenites, which may be added to the 

 second Bordeaux application for scab, shortly after the blossoms 

 fall. 



Spray Outfit — To eflfectively apply a fungicide or an insecti- 

 cide necessitates the use of a spray pump capable of maintain- 

 ing a sufficient pressure to develop through a suitable nozzle 

 a fine misty spray. The greater the pressure maintained the 

 more finely divided will the spray particles become, and con- 

 sequently the more uniformly and completely will the foliage, 

 fruit, twigs and branches be covered and thereby protected. 

 Successful results cannot be obtained with an inadequate pump 

 or nozzles. Neither can spraying be conducted most econom- 

 ically with such an outfit. It not only does less effective work 

 but, in addition, consumes or wastes more material. For large 

 o^'chards power sprayers are the most economical and satis- 

 factory. For smaller orchards some of the many hand power 

 spray pumps, if of sufficient capacity and properly operated, 

 will give fairly good results. The time is coming, in fact has 

 come, in some sections, when progressive fruit growers will 

 co-operate in the purchase of large power sprayers, which will 

 be made to serve for a number of orchards and be operated by 

 some competent person. Each fruit grower to pay according 

 to the amount of material used and time consumed. When 

 such conditions obtain in the best fruit sections of Vermont 

 or in the best potato sections, then, and not till then, will she 

 obtain the fullest recognition for her products. 



HORTICULTURE AND ITS RELATION TO THE HOME. 



BY MRS. MARY A. SMITH, MORRISVILI.I:, VT. 



In considering this subject we will not ask you to accom- 

 pany us to any foreign shore, although the first horticultural 

 societies were organized in the old country ; neither to Canada 

 nor any of the large states in the union with their fruits, flowers 



