SUMMER MEETIN(; AT OREGON. 125 



axles of the branches and around wounds made by pruning. Mr. Walsh 

 says: "Where the insect works upon the naked trunk, it often causes a 

 mass of little granulations to sprout out about the size of cabbage seeds, 

 thus producing on a small scale the same effects that it does upon the 

 roots." I have repeatedly made the same observation. The winged 

 insects supposed to be the true males and females, appear in October. 

 They are black in color with a slight prominence on the abdomen; 

 wings broad, and transparent, with few veins and an opaque cell on the 

 anterior margin near the tip of the upper pair. The eggs are too minute 

 to be discovered without a lense and are laid in cracks of the bark near 

 the ground. Washing the tree trunks with strong soap suds or much 

 diluted kerosene emulsion will kill the eggs. This insect has several 

 natural enemies of its own class. One or two minute chalcid flies are 

 parasitic in its body and the larvae of a small lady bird beetle 

 {Scyeimus) whose body is so covered with soft downy tufts, that it is dif- 

 ficult to distinguish it from its victims, destroys a great many. Its 

 most voracious foe, however, is a maggot-like larvae of a small syrphus 

 fly {Pipiza Radicaus Riley). The larvae of one or more lace wing fhes 

 also attack the aerial form, and, unless it is very abundant, these natural 

 enemies keep it in check. Mr. Saunders in his "Insects Injurious to 

 Fruits," says that sweet apple trees are especially liable to the attack of 

 this form, and recommended as a wash, a solution composed of five 

 pounds of fresh lime with one pound of sulphur, dissolved in two gallons 

 of boiling water. 



THE WHITE GRUB. 



{LacJuiostiirna f?isca. Fi'ohL) 



The history and transformations of this root-devourer arc well 

 known to every agriculturalist, but there is always something new to 

 learn concerning its habits and adaptations. 



Anent this insect, a letter from Mr. Henry Schncll, of Glasgow, 

 Missouri, tells the following, rather discouraging, story : 



" Last fall I plowed under some manure that was mixed with saw- 

 dust and had been lying in heaps for several months and I find that the 

 May beetle, the parent of the grub worm, had deposited her eggs in it 

 by the thousand. I had planted the ground to strawberries and while 

 the men were finishing up noticed that where they dug out manure it 

 was full of small grubs, and I fear they will take all the plants. I think, at a 

 rough guess, there are about five hundred grubs to one strawberry plant." 



