SUMMER MEETING AT OREGON. 155 



to-day are pleased to eat the fruits of our orchards, but many of us 

 neither dress or keep our orchards in good condition. There should be 

 a good belt of trees round our orchards, and where ground is scarce, one 

 row of Norway Spruce would be a great benefit. Our neighbors' or- 

 chards that are surrounded with natural trees produce larger and finer 

 fruit than we do on the prairie without shelter, simply because the sap 

 flows free and uninterrupted in sheltered locations, which is a good con- 

 sideration. Trees that are planted on the prairie are shaken by every 

 wind, which retards the circulation of the sap and has a tendency to re- 

 tard the development of fruit, hence the great necessity of a shelter belt 

 of timber of some sort. 



The trees that are well protected from the severity of wind storms, 

 live longer, grow faster and bear finer fruit, but without a shelter much 

 of the finest fruit is carried away with every severe wind that sweeps 

 through the unsheltered trees. The time is near, and already at hand 

 when we shall have to spray our fruit trees with some kind of poisonous 

 preparation, when the fruit is quite small, to stop the ravages of the ap- 

 ple worm that is destroying so much of our finest fruit. Prof. S. A. 

 Forbes, State Entomologist, of Illinois, says: In general, the results of 

 once or twice spraying with paris green, in early spring, before the 

 young apples had dropped upon their stems, resulted in a saving of about 

 seventy-five per cent, of the apples exposed to injury by the Codlin 

 moth. 



We find that to be successful in raising pears, the dwarf trees should 

 be planted a little deeper than standard trees, on account of the roots 

 which are Anger's Quince, and are latteral in their growth; they should 

 receive a heavy mulching every spring ; this will preserve an even tem- 

 perature in the ground and prevent a rapid evaporation of the moisture, 

 which is a great essential in developing and maturing the fruit, and pre- 

 serving the vitality of the tree. We find that rather moist soil is prefer- 

 able for pears. We have quite a number of Louise Bonne, Duchess and 

 other sorts that are in regulaf bearing on the quince, planted on damp 

 soil and not the least blighted, that are in a thrifty condition. The sit- 

 uation for an apple orchard should be dry or made so by a thorough un- 

 derground drainage. The apple will not live so well, or thrive so well, 

 on a soil constantly saturated with stagnant moisture. Cherries require 

 a dry soil. The Morello family of cherries succeeds finely on dry ground, 

 when worked on the Mahaleb stock they come to early bearing and 

 succeed best of al) others in Northwest Missouri. We find that the 

 Heart and Bigarrean families of cherrits do not succeed here; they make 



