SUMMER MEETING AT OREGON. 163 



celeste with the addition of carbonate of soda will doubtless prove more 

 economical and less likely to injure the foliage than the other prepara- 

 tions. 



A second application of one of the solutions should be made about 

 the time the vines are in bloom, followed by a third when the fruit is 

 about one-third grown. For general use the liquids have given the most 

 satisfactory results, and another advantage in their favor is that they are 

 cheaper, all things considered, than the powders. 



» 



METHODS OF APPLYING THE LIQUIDS. 



As a rule, where no benefit has resulted from the use of the copper 

 solutions, the cause, in many cases, may be traced to the manner in 

 which the applications were made. Many have used brooms and wisps 

 of straw for this purpose, but such methods have proved wasteful and it 

 is next to impossible to reach all parts of the vine with such clumsy 

 affairs. It will be cheaper and better in the end to purchase a specially 

 constructed pump, and one of the best instruments designed for spray- 

 ing vines is the " Improved Vermorel Machine." This consists of a res- 

 ervoir for holding the liquid, together with a pump and spraying nozzle. 

 When in use the reservoir is strapped to the back, while the pump is 

 worked with the right hand, and the spraying nozzle is directed over the 

 foliage with the left. 



With this machine one man can thoroughly spray from 2 to 4 acres 

 of vines per day, and, owing to the even distribution of the liquids, a 

 much less quantity is required than when brooms are used. The cost of 

 the instrument, including all necessary apparatus, is about $12.00. The 

 Vermorel machine is made in France, and for this reason it is some- 

 what difificultto obtain it in this country. A machine very similar to the 

 foregoing has lately been put on the market by Mr. Adam Weaber, of 

 Vineland, New Jersey. 



