MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 407 



leience at the ground, but they are not so tall as the trees of Calaveras. 

 One of them is 92 feet in circumference at the ground. 



It has generally been supposed that the annular rings of trees also 

 indicate the annual growth. With some trees in some climates and 

 chiefly in ours, this is true, but not so with all, especially in the tropics. 



All trees cannot be transplanted with success; some by reason of 

 the long tap root, especially the oak and hickory. Some trees require 

 certain kinds of soil. Their successful growth is dependent on the 

 underlying geological formation, and will not thrive unless the soil is 

 suitable. In southeast Missouri the pine is nearly always found grow- 

 ing upon a sandy or silicious soil, the cedar upon limestone glades. 



Now with regard to our own peculiar trees. In the United States 

 there are a little over 400 native species of trees which grow over 16 

 feet high; of these the Oak and Pine prevail. There are 60 Conifer- 

 ous trees, 30 of the Eose family, 20 leguminous, 13 Walnuts and Hick- 

 ories, and a lesser number of other species. 



In Missouri the natural line between the prairie and forest region 

 is a line drawn from Jasper county, northeastwardly through Cedar, 

 St. Clair, Cooper, Chariton and northwardly. There are prairies on the 

 east of this line and some extensive timbered tracts on the west, but 

 a*8 we proceed westward the large trees become few and the species 

 less. In Missouri there are 70 species (exclusive of vines) over 16 feet 

 in height, the greater number in southeast Missouri. They include 

 Pawpaw, Linden, Buckeye, Black Ash, Blue Ash, Sugar Maple, White 

 Maple, Ked Maple, Box Elder, Hackberry, Elm (red), the White and 

 Wahoo Elm, Sycamore, Black Locust, Tulip tree or Yellow Poplar, 

 Cottonwood, Honey Locust, Coffee tree, Water Locust, Ked Bud, Plum, 

 2 species, Dogwood, Persimmon, Bamelia, Catalpa, Willow several 

 species. Pine, Cedar, Cypress, Sassafras, Black Gum, Tupelo Gum, 

 Wild Cherry, Crab Apple, 4 or 5 Hawthorns, Service tree. Sweet 

 Gum, Black Walnut, White Walnut, Pecan, Shellbark Hickory two 

 species, other Hickories 3 species, 13 species of Oak, Beech, Horn- 

 beam, Iron Wood Tupelo. Many of these afford useful timber and 

 grow to magnificent proportions in' their native habitat, but cannot be 

 successfully transplanted. Of tlie list 23 are not found in Cass county, 

 11 bear good fruits, 5 bear nuts and about 12 of them will admit of 

 transplanting. Trees should be set out so as not to be any deeper in 

 the ground than they originally grew. 



An important fact regarding forests is when a country is shorn of 

 its trees, the climate will become more arid. A moist climate wit'h 

 running brooks along whose banks and valleys are thick groves, may 



