NOTES ON SOME INJURIOUS FUNGI. 91 



ance, as it will enable us to attack them at their weakest point. This 

 is also true of insects, and we regret that Missouri ])rovides no means 

 for the systematic study of both. 



We will not enter upon a minute description of any of the various 

 species mentioned further on, but will merely give you a few hasty 

 notes, which may be of some value to you. We are now experimenting 

 with several injurious fungi, and hope to give the result of our labors 

 at the next winter meeting. In testing the effect of different applica- 

 tions ui)on the germination of spores, we find that applications that 

 will destroy the spores of one species will actually stimulate the growth 

 of another. 



Below is a list of some of the most destructive species: 



Fusicladium dentmficum. The apple peel fungus. This is the dis- 

 ease that causes the scab on apples and pears, it also attacks peaches. 

 The disease appears here in Missouri about the first week in June. 

 Cold, wet weather seemingly stimulates the growth of the fungus. 

 During hot weather the brown spores fall away but the brown scar re- 

 mains, and as soon as cool weather comes new spores appear at the 

 borders of the old scabs. The following apples are subject to the dis- 

 ease : Early Harvest, Twenty Ounce, Willow Twig, E.. I. Greening, 

 Spitzenberg, Grimes Golden, Eambo. Those exempt are the Kussetts, 

 Winesap, Artrachan, Yellow Bellflower, Ben Davis, Pluntsman, Mis- 

 souri Pippin, Smith's Cider, etc. 



The following fungicides have been used with success : 1st Kero- 

 sene emulsion as recommended by Prof. Eiley for the destruction of 

 insects, made as follows : 



Kerosene 



<;;ommon Soap. 

 Water 



2 gallons. 

 ^ pound. 

 1 gallon. 



Heat the solution of soap and add it boiling hot lo the kerosene. 

 Churn the mixture by means of a force pump for five or ten minutes. 

 The emulsion if perfect forms a cream which thickens on cooling, and 

 should adhere without oiliness to the eurface of glass. Dilute before 

 using, one part of the emulsion, with nine parts of cold water. The 

 above formula gives three gallons of emulsion, and makes when diluted, 

 thirty gallons of wash. Apply with syringe or force pump. 



