298 MISSOUEI STATE HORTICULTURAL, SOCIETY. 



host. These threads send up an immense number of short, colored 

 branches, upon the ends of which the spores (B. Figs. 1-1-1) or repro- 

 ductive bodies are borne. The spores are dark brown and vary ex- 

 ceedingly in size and shape. They are usually one-celled, but occasion- 

 ally are divided by several transverse partitions. The fungus is found 

 beneath the epidermis of the host, and when it has attained sufficient 

 size it ruptures the thin skin which covers it and the exposed spores 

 and threads form the brown, velvety spots described above. 



This fungus usually appears early in the spring, soon after the 

 blossoms fall ; and the spores or reproductive bodies are found 

 througout the summer and germinate whenever the proper conditions 

 of moisture and temperature are present. The fungus is never very 

 active during hot weather, but at the approach of cold, daray weather, 

 the spots rapidl}' increase in size. 



A well known fruit grower writes as follows : " This parasite of 

 the apple prevails in its greatest abundance in years,having at the time 

 of leating out and blossoming, weather just adapted to its nature. It 

 is best fostered in gei'mination and development by cold, wet weather. 

 A snow storm at blossoming time makes a year of uncommon abund- 

 ance of scab." 



The fungus usually forms on young fruit during the prevalence of 

 wet weather, and seemingly this condition of the weather supplies the 

 conditions necessary for the germination of the spores. 



Some varieties of apples are not subject to the attacks of this fun- 

 gus, while other varieties are rarely free from spots. Those nearly ex- 

 empt are : 



Russett, N^onsuch, Seek-no-further, Astrachan, Baldwin, Smith's 

 Cider and Jenilon. 



Those subject to the disease are : 



Early Harvest' liambo, Fall Pippin' Rhode Island Greening, Spit- 

 zenburg and Twenty-Ounce Pippin. 



Several remedies for this disease have been used with success. 

 The ordinary kerosene emulsion, which is used for destroying insects, 

 is recommended for destroying the spores of this fungus. The emul- 

 sion is made as follows: Take kerosene, two gallons, soap, one-half 

 pound, water, one gallon. Heat the solution of soap and add it boil- 

 ing hot to the kerosene, chum the mixture for ten minutes or until a 

 perfect emulsion is formed. Dilute before using, one part of emulsion 

 to nine parts of water. 



Prof. Burrill, of Illinois, recommends this remedy, and says the 

 most favorable time to use it is in the winter when the leaves are off. 



