THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



15 



Burning. — Another means of reducing the pests is to burn the grass 

 or stubble of the breeding places or infested field when hoppers are the 

 most plentiful or when the females are collecting on the 

 breeding grounds to begin egg laying. The best time for firing is during 

 the night when the hoppers are less active and are unable to escape the 

 approaching flames by flight. Of course only waste stubble, or pasture 

 lands, can be so treated, but these are usually the breeding places. 

 Great care should always be exercised to see that sufficient help is ready 

 to keep such a fire under complete control. 



Hopper-dozer. — The use of the hopper-dozer has become an impor- 

 tant factor in the control of grasshoppers, especially in grain and hay 

 fields, in pastures and even in cultivated crops. The hopper-dozer is 

 constructed as shown in Fig. 13. The back and sides are made of thin 

 sheet iron or cloth and the pan at the bottom constructed to hold about 

 two inches of kerosene. These dozers may be made any length but a 

 two-horse size is the most practicable. They are simply drawn across 

 the fields and capture the hoppers as the latter endeavor to escape their 



Fig. 13. — Plan of a very good hopper-dozer. (After Urbahns. 1 



approach. Though the hoppers may escape from the kerosene bath 

 they are doomed. 



The best time of operation is on warm days if possible, early in the 

 season before the hoppers have acquired wings. 



A brief description of some of the most common and destructive Cali- 

 fornia species follows. 



THE YELLOW-WINGED OR PELLUCID GRASSHOPPER. 



Camuiila pcllucida Scudd. 

 (Fig. 14.) 



General Appearance. — The adults are slightly over one inch in 

 length and are quite variable in color, varying from light yellow to dark 

 ashy brown, with well defined black markings and two amber lines down 

 the angles of the tegmina, noticeable when resting. These lines merge 

 about one third the distance from the base. The head and thorax 

 are darker than the abdomen. The basal halves of the antenna? are 

 light while the apical halves are dark. The first two pairs of legs and 

 hind femora are concolorous with the body — the hind femora with darker 

 markings, while the hind tibiae are light yellow. The young are very 

 dark in color, often almost black. 



