38 THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



It is also destructive to roses, carnations and other flowers (wild and 

 cultivated), grasses, fruit blossoms and truck crops. 



Control. — Nicotine extracts or the Government formula as recom- 

 mended for pear thrips are efficient control methods for this species. 

 The thrips are most active on tlie outside of the buds early in the 

 morning, so that is the best time for applying a spray. The flour 

 paste as recommended for the bean thrips is also applicable to this 

 species. 



HEMIPTERA (Order). 



HALF-WINGED INSECTS. 



CICADAS, LEAF-HOPPERS, TREE-HOPPERS, PLANT LICE, SCALE INSECTS AND 



TRUE BUGS. 



This is one of the largest orders of insects as well as one of the most 

 destructive known. There are nearly twenty thousand species. 



The term Hemiptera comes from the fact that the fore wings of one 

 of the suborders are thickened at the base, the tips being membranous 

 and overlapping, thus appearing like half wings. Not all of the mem- 

 bers possess these thickened wings, in fact a great many of them have no 

 wings at all. This is specially true of some plant lice and of the female 

 scale insects. The mouth-parts are formed for piercing and sucking 

 and not for chewing. The metamorphoses are incomplete ; that is, the 

 young and nymphs differ from the adults only by the lack of wings in 

 those species having well developed wings, while the young in those 

 individuals not having wings appear almost identical with the adults. 



The order Hemiptera is usually divided into the three following sub- 

 orders : Homoptera, Heteroptera and Parasita or Anoplura, each of 

 which will be considered separately. 



HOMOPTERA (Suborder). 



This suborder includes insects of the order Hemiptera, all of which, 

 without exception, are very destructive to plant life. Wherever wings 

 are present they are usually membranous and held roof-like over the 

 body when at rest. The front of the head is lient under so as to touch 

 the bases of the fore legs. 



The families of this suborder are : 



CicadidcB (Cicadas). 

 Fulgoridce (Lantern flies). 

 Memhracidce (Tree-hoppers). 

 Cercopidce (Spittle insects). 

 JassidcB (Leaf -hoppers). 

 PsyllidcE (Jumping plant lice). 

 Apliididce (Plant lice). 

 Coccidce (Scale insects). 

 Aleyrodidce (Mealy wings or white flies). 

 The Fulgoridce and Cercopidm will not be considered here. 



