THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 47 



placed around the tree in the form of a band with a thin layer of cotton 

 beneath to keep any from crawling under. 



Carbon Bisulfld. In light sandy or porous soils, carbon bisulfid 

 is used very effectively. The treatment should be made early in the 

 spring about April, as follows : Make 4 or 5 holes 8 inches deep from 

 18 inches to 2 feet from the tree. Into each pour from 3 to 4 liquid 

 ounces of carbon bisulfid, and immediately cover the hole. See that the 

 liquid does not come in contact with the roots. 



Kerosene Emulsion. Kerosene emulsion is often used successfully on 

 the roots, but is rather a severe treatment and should be avoided except 

 by those experienced in its application. 



Methods for Controlling Aerial Forms. 



Winter Sprays for Dormant Trees. In order to destroy the eggs 

 deposited by the sexual females in the fall, strong sprays should be 

 applied in the winter when the trees are dormant, so as to prevent 

 infestations for the coming year. The following sprays are recom- 

 mended for this purpose : 



Commercial lime sulphur, diluted 1 gallon to 6 gallons of water. 

 Kerosene emulsion. 



Spring and Summer Sprays for Trees and Plants in Foliage. 



Sprays for foliage cannot be as strong and severe as those used 

 on dormant trees, and care must be taken to prevent serious burn- 

 ings. In view of this, experience has proved the following sprays to 

 be practical: 



Kerosene emulsion. 



Resin wash. 



Soap and fish-oil wash. 



Carbolic acid emulsion. 



The above sprays should be used on hardy plants and particularly 

 on orchard trees. While the following formula is specially recom- 

 mended for tender plants, such as melon vines, vegetables, flowers, etc., 

 it is equally good for fruit trees: 



Soap and Tobacco Wash. Soap, 1| pounds; tobacco decoction (as 

 prepared on page 46), 1 quart; water, 5 gallons. 



Dissolve the soap in five gallons of hot or boiling water; add the 

 tobacco decoction ; boil together five or ten minutes. If the mixture has 

 boiled down, add enough water to make five gallons of spraying material. 



This spray is specially recommended as a remedy for the melon aphis 

 {Aphis gossypii Glover). 



THE GRAPE PHYLLOXERA. 



*Fhi)Jloxcra vastatrir Plauchou. 

 (Fig. 38.) 



General Appearance. — The presence of this pest is usually mani- 

 fested by its work, which consists in the formation of rough wart-like 

 galls upon the leaves and small knots upon the roots. The lice pro- 



*According- to priority rules tlie scientific name of tliis species sliould be Peritymbia 

 vitifoliw (Fitcli). 



