THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



93 



bergia, Sirohilanthes, Achillea, Salvia, Cupliea, Capsicum, Ageratum, 

 Vernonia, Gardenia, Lonicera, Citrus sp., tea, strawberry and tomato. 



DACTYLOPIIN^ (Subfamily). 



The members of this subfamily are much more varied than those of 

 the two preceding. In some species the power of locomotion is retained 

 throughout the entire life cycle, while in others the legs disappear early 

 and the insect soon becomes fixed in position. The bodies are entirely 

 unprotected except by the secretion of a white cottony powder or wax. 

 The eggs may be enclosed in the secretion covering the females or they 

 may be deposited in cottony masses. The chief members of this sub- 

 family are the mealy bugs, which are very troublesome in this State. 



THE EUROPEAN ELM SCALE. 



Gossijparia spuria (Modeer). 

 (Pig. 72.) 



General Appearance. — Adult females are readily distinguished by 

 the white cottony borders around the reddish-brown bodies. They 



are from one fourth to nearly 

 three eighths of an inch long, and 

 are usually clustered in the cracks 

 and crevices in great numbers and 

 from a distance appear to be white 

 rings. The male cocoons are white 

 and less than one twelfth of an 

 inch long. The young scales are 

 very minute and grayish. 



Life History. — The eggs are 

 oblong in shape, pale yellow and 

 hatch very quickly. The young 

 appear during the early spring 

 months and settle upon the leaves 

 until August or September. When 

 nearly grown, they move to the 

 twigs and branches for hibernation. 

 The males appear in the spring to 

 mate with the females before they 

 bring forth the summer brood. 

 There is but one brood a year. 



Distribution. — ■ The spread of 

 this pest is at present limited to the 

 following localities: San Rafael, 

 Ukiah, Stockton, Colusa, Palo Alto, 

 Santa Clara and San Jose. 



Food Plants. — White or Ameri- 

 can elm {Ulmus americana) , and cork elm {Ulmus racemosa) . 



Control. — Washing with an extension nozzle under high pressure 

 during the period of hatching will control the pest, if thoroughly done. 



Fig. 72. — The European elm scale, 

 Gossyparia spuria (Mod.) on cork 

 elm. (After Doten. ) 



